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Collection  de 
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Canadian  Snstitutu  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  d«  microreproductions  historiquas 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


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reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


D 


D 


D 


D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couieur 


r    1    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagie 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^e  et/ou  pelliculAe 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  giographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


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□    Boun( 
Reli« 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
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modification  dans  la  m6thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquis  ci-deasous. 


I      I   Coloured  pages/ 


^/ 


D 


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Psges  dameged/ 
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Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
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obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  Is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmA  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


2fiX 


30X 


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12X 


16X 


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Tha  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

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Quebec 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
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of  the  origin^.!  copy  and  in  iceeping  with  the 
filming  cont/act  specifications. 


L'Bxen  plaire  film4  'ut  reproduit  grflce  A  la 
gAnAr  isitA  ds: 

L^islature  du  Quebec 
Quebec 

Lee  imeges  suivantes  ont  6tA  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettet*  de  I'exemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  lea  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copiee  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  :he 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illuatrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  sech  microfiche 
shall  contain  tha  symbol  •^►(meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meening  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Las  examplalres  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim^  sont  filmte  en  commengant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminent  soit  par  ta 
derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  seion  le  cas.  Tous  lee  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmte  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminent  par 
la  derniire  pege  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaltra  sur  la 
derniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  seion  le 
caa:  le  symbols  »»>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratioa.  Thoae  too  Berge  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  ieft  hend  corner,  left  to 
right  end  top  to  bottom,  as  many  framee  aa 
required.  The  following  diegrems  illustrate  the 
method: 


Lee  cartes,  planches,  tableeux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmte  k  dee  taux  de  reduction  diff Arents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  ii  est  film*  A  partir 
de  i'engle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  k  drolte, 
et  de  haut  en  bes,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'imege'^  nicessaire.  Les  disgremmes  suivsnts 
illustrent  la  mithode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

AN   ADDRESS 


TO  THE  IMPARTIAL  PUBLIC, 


ON   THK 


// 


Intiltraitf  Spirit  «f  l|t  Cites; 


BEING    THE  INTRODUCTION 


ro  Tin: 


MISCELLANEA 


op 


M.  J.  SPALDING,  D.  D.,  BISHOP  OF  LOUISVILLE. 


COPTRIQHT   SICURKD. 


LOUISVILLE: 
WEnn  &  LEVEinxa,  no.  521  main  stkekt. 


\ 


PUBLISHERS'   ADVERTISEMENT. 


At  the  suggestion  of  several  persons,  whose  judgment  they 
highly  value,  the  Publish^  ve  decided  to  issue  separately 
in  pamphlet  form,  the  *'' Ini  roductory  Address  on  the  intolerant 
spirit  of  the  times,"  prefixed  to  Bishop  Spalding's  forthcoming 
Miscellanea.  They  do  so  the  more  readily,  as  the  Address  is 
regarded  not  only  as  a  useful  tract  for  the  times,  but  also  as  a 
suitable  Introduction  to  the  workj  showing  how  far  the  subjects 
therein  treated  are  opportune  to  the  peculiar  circumstances 
under  which  the  Catholics  of  the  United  States  are  now  placed. 

In  order  that  the  readers  of  the  Address  may  be  able  to  see 
at  a  glance  the  drift  of  the  publication,  its  contents  are  hero 
given ;  and,  unless  the  Publishers  are  greatly  mistaken,  the 
topics  discussed  will  be  found  to  possess  more  than  ordinary 
interest. 

The  Publishers  regret  that,  from  causes  entirely  beyond 
their  control,  some  delay  has  occurred  in  issuing  the  work. 
They  believe  they  can  now  s.ifely  promise,  that  it  will  be  ready 
for  delivery  by  the  fifteenth  day  of  February  next;  till  which 
time  they  must  claim  the  indulgence  of  their  patrons. 

The  "Miscellanea"  will  contain  G82  pages,  of  same  size 
and  type,  as  the  accompanying  Address,  and  will  be  retailed 
at  the  unusual  low  price  of  §2  25. 

Although  the  work  contains  nearly  one  hundred  pages  more 
than  at  first  proposed,  it  is  issued  at  the  very  low  price 
announced ;  as,  from  the  deeply  interesting  character,  and  the 
great  amount  of  valuable  matter  which  the  "Miscellanea" 
contains,  the  Publishers  anticipate  a  heavy  demand,  and  they 


uLSMit?  ix}  i^^^h  .  vHv  nxjLts.  ciu  a\j  iUTT  a  piiuu  lani  uii  may  DO  aoio 


to  procure  it 


WEBB  &  LEVERING. 


INTRODUCTORY   ADDRESS, 

€n  tjie  liHjiartial  |nbltc; 

ON    THE    INTOLERANT    SPIRIT   OF  THE   TIMES. 

An  intolerant  spirit  invoked  against  Catholics-Bigotry  an  implacable  monster-Tho  danger  of 
fostering  the  mob  spint-Features  in  the  present  anti-CathoIlc  crusade-Cruel  treatment  of  . 
Cathohc  pnest-Our  adversaries  virtually  yielding  us  the  victory  in  fair  argument-Their  n«neroa« 
inconsistencies-The  Newark  outrage-The  manliness  of  the  American  character-Whence  danger 
is  to  be  apprehended  to  the  Republic-The  »  bats  and  the  ea€le8"-Hoping  for  better  things-The 
accusations  against  us-Is  the  Catholic  Church  intolerant  ?-0runcharitable?-Latitudinariani8m. 
r?  '^•""y-P"''"?'*''  of  'h«  Church  in  regard  to  persecution-Has  she  ever  persecuted  as  a 
Church  ?-Th.rd  canon  of  Lateran-The  Inquisition-John  Huss-Catholic  and  Protestant  perse- 
cution B.nco  the  reformation-Intolerance  in  America-Who  originated  it,  and  who  gave  the  first 
oxample  of  toleration  ?-Parallel  between  Catholic  and  Protestant  countries  in  the  matter  of 
persecution-  Are  Catholics  the  enemies  of  republican  government  ?- What  Catholicity  and  Pro- 
testantism have  done  for  human  liberty-Charles  Carroll  of  Carrolton-Washington  and  the 
Cathohcs--The  temporal  powerof  the  Popes-Declarations  of  Archbishop  Carroll  and  the  American 
JJishops-Letter  to  the  Pope-Are  American  Catholics  a  separate  community  ?-Archbi8hop  Carroll 
and  Bishop  Dubourg-Foreigners-What  they  have  done  for  the  country-"  The  foreign  vote" 
--Foreign  radicals  and  iufidels-The  naturalization  laws-The  common  school  system- What  tlM 
Catholic  Church  says  to  her  members  -Her  efforts  to  promote  peace  and  order-Her  charity  f«t 
all  mankind- Archbishop  Kenrick's  Pastoral. 

That  a  fierce  spirit  of  intolerance  has  been  lately  evoked  in  this  onco 
free  country,  no  candid  observer  of  passing  events  will  deny.  Christians 
of  a  particular  denomination  have  been  selected,  as  its  first  victims  ;  but 
no  one  who  has  studied  human  nature,  as  it  is  developed  in  the  facts  of 
history,  will  for  a  moment  suppose,  that  the  ruin  of  Catholics  in  this 
country  will  satisfy  the  cravings  of  this  fierce  Moloch  of  religious  bigotry. 
As  Avith  the  tiger,  the  taste  of  blood  will  but  sharpen  its  appetite  for  new 
victims.     So  it  has  been  in  the  past ;  so  it  will  be  in  the  future. 

Let  no  one  deceive  himself,  nor  suffer  himself  to  be  deceived,  in  a 
matter  of  so  vital  an  importance  to  all  who  are  sheltered  under  the  glorious 
flag  of  our  union.  Once  the  barriers,  which  our  noble  constitution 
throws  around  the  civil  and  religious  liberties  of  all  citizens  alike,  aro 
broken  down,  no  matter  under  what  pretext  of  excitement,  of  political 
expediency,  or  necessity,  there  is  no  telling  where  the  spirit  of  innovation 
will  stop,  or  where  the  evils  consequent  upon  it  will  bo  arrested.  When 
a  torrent  has  once  broken  through  the  embankment  along  its  margin,  it 
spreads  devastation  through  the  entire  country  ;  and  the  husbandman 
wlio  has  nAglected  the  necessaiy  precautions,  while  it  was  yet  time,  find* 


INTRODUCTORY     ADDRESS. 


out,  when  it  is  too  late  for  remedy,  that  all  the  fruits  of  his  patient  toil 
have  been  swept  away  or  destroyed  by  the  raging-  waters.  So  it  will  be 
precisely,  should  the  checks  and  balances,  which  the  wisdom  and  forecast 
of  our  fathers  liave  inserted  in  the  constitution,  be  neglected  or  set  at 
naught.  Tlie  torrent  of  human  passions,  once  it  has  overleaped  this 
barrier,  will  overwhelm  our  beautiful  country  with  ruins,.  All  our 
dearly  bought  liberties  will  be  virtually  destroyed  ;  property  will  be  no 
longer  secure  ;  law  and  order  will  give  place  to  passion  and  mob  violence  ; 
the  dearest  of  all  human  rights  and  privileges, —  that  of  worshiping  God 
according  to  the  dictates  of  our  conscience, —  will  be  annihilated;  the 
beautiful  earthly  paradise  of  our  happy  republic  will  be  changed  into  a 
frowning  wilderness,  filled  with  horror  and  desolation  :  finally,  anarchy 
will  take  the  place  of  order  r.nd  good  government.  The  Avorst  possible 
species  of  tyranny  is  that  of  the  mob.  Far  better  be  oppressed  by  one 
tyrant,  than  be  crushed  and  torn  by  a  thousand  :  far  better  have  even  a 
Nero  or  a  Diocletian  to  lord  it  over  you,  than  be  ruled  by  that  hydra- 
headed  monster,  called  a  mob.  The  solitary  tyrant  may  have  some 
misgivings,  or  retain  some  remnant  of  justice  or  humanity  ;  he  may  at 
least  be  checked  by  a  sense  of  personal  responsibility,  and  may  tremble  on 
his  throne  at  the  fear  of  popular  retribution  :  the  many-headed  despot  has 
neither  reason,  nor  justice,  nor  humanity,  nor  conscience,  nor  fear  of  God 
or  man,  to  restrain  him  from  deeds  of  violence. 

For  the  truth  of  this  picture,  we  appeal  with  confidence  to  all  history  ; 
from  the  period  when  an  excited  mob  cried  out  against  the  Blessed 
Jesus  at  the  tribunal  of  Pilate  :  —  Crucify  Him  1  crucify  Him  !  1  —  down 
to  the  other  day,  when  another  mob,  composed  of  persons  calling 
themselves  Christians,  raised  fiendish  shouts  of  triumph  at  the  teaiiiig 
down  and  trampling  under  foot  of  the  Cross,  which  had  ornamented  the 
spire  of  a  Catholic  Church  in  Chelsea !  At  every  time  and  in  every 
place,  the  mob  has  always  been  the  same  ruthless,  savage,  untameable 
monster  ;  the  Christian  scarcely  less  so  than  the  pagan.' 

Unhappily,  we  need  not  go  far  back  into  times  past,  nor  travel  far 
from  home,  to  witness  the  sad  effects  of  mob  violence.  A  distinctive 
feature  in  the  present  crusade  against  Catholics  in  this  country,  is 
precisely  the  invoking  against  them  of  this  ruthless  spirit.  Five  or  six 
of  our  churches  either  burnt,  or  sacked,  or  blown  up  by  gunpowder, — 
most  of  them  while  our  citizens  were  engaged  in  the  joyous  celebration 
of  the   liberty -hallowed  Fourth  of  July;  —  street  brawlers,   generally 

lis  subject,  we  refor  to  the  Chapter  on  Mobs,  in  this  Volume,  p.  610,  seqq.,  vo.\ 
0  Philadelphia  lUots,  p.  690,  seqq. 


'  more  I 


INTRODUCTOnY     ADDRESS 


4 


men  of  the  lowest  and  most  infamous  character,  hired  to  vilify  and 
slander  us  and  all  that  we  hold  most  dear  and  sacred  in  the  public  streets 
and  hig-hways,  thereby  openly  exciting  the  passions  of  tlie  ignorant  to 
bloody  civil  feuds;  our  people,  after  having  been  thus  grievously  wronged 
in  tlieir  character  as  citizens  and  as  religionists^  butchered  in  brutal  street 
encounters,  or  assassinated  in  detail,'  and  then  almost  invariably  placed 
in  the  Avrong  by  a  mendacious  press  and  telegraph,  in  the  interest  of 
their  enemies;  and  the  victims  of  all  these  cruel  and  accumulated  wrongs 
generally  receiving,  instead  of  sympathy,  but  additional  obloquy  and 
persecution,  they  being  in  almost  every  instance  the  only  ones  arrested 
and  punished  for  the  riots  which  others  had  caused,  while  the  murderers 
and  assassins  and  church  burners  escape :  — these  are  some  of  the 
practical  workings  of  that  truculent  spirit,  which,  during  the  present 
year,  has  been  aroused  against  us  in  this  free  country  ! 

Every  one  knows  how  a  Catholic  priest  —  the  Rev.  Mr.  Bapst  —  was 
lately  treated  by  a  savage  mob  at  Ellsworth  in  Maine,  He  was  universally 
conceded  to  be  a  man  of  great  zeal  and  benevolence,  as  well  as  of  irreproach- 
able life.  The  only  crime  alleged  against  him,  was  that  he  had  dared 
express  an  opinion  on  the  Common  School  System,  diflferent  from  that  of 
the  majorit} .  For  this,  in  pursuance  of  a  resolution  passed  at  a  town 
meetinn-,  he  was  tarred  and  feathered,  ridden  on  a  rail,  and  treated  with 
indio-nities,  which  forcibly  remind  us  of  the  scenes  on  Calvary  ;  indignities 
of  which  savages  should  have  been  ashamed.  The  ruffians,  amidst  these 
horrible  outrages  to  God's  minister,  did  not,  however,  forget  to  rifle  his 
pockets  and  to  appropriate  to  themselves  his  watch  and  money  !  ^  Says 
the  Bangor  Journal  —  a  secular  print  of  the  vicinity  : 

"  While  the  tarring  and  feathering  was  going  on,  he  was  mocked  and 
reviled  with  horrid  blasphemies  and  indecencies.  He  was  asked  why  he 
came  over  to  this  country.  To  preach  the  Catholic  doctrine,  he  replied, 
We  are  Protestants,  the  ruffians  said,  and  will  teach  you  better  than  that. 
One,  mocking  him,  said  scornfully  :  "  So  they  persecuted  Jesus  of  old." 
Another,  reviling,  asked  "Will  the  Virgin  Mary  save  you?"  These 
blasphemies  remind  one  of  the  mockin<|s  on  Calvary.  Some  asked  him 
how  many  wives  he  had,  how  many  cliildren,  &c.  These  are  the  most 
decent  of  the  insults,  and  are  all  that  admit  of  publication." 

Do  wo  live  in  the  nineteenth  century,  or  have  we  been  transported 
back  to  the  period  of  civil  commotions  in  the  middle  ages  ;  when  modern 
society  was  struggling  into  form,  when  feudal  strife  filled  Europe  with 
bloody  iiitestine  feuds,  and  when  Guelph  and  Ghibelliae  caused  the 
streets  of  Florence  and  Milan  to  run  in  blood  ?     Do  we  live  in  a  land  of 

1  Witness  the  assassination  of  poor  McCarthy  at  Newarlc ;  and  other  niurJcrs  menMoned  in   (he 
Bu'iHc  triiits.  2  Something  more  than  fifty  dollurs 


6  INTRODUCTORY    ADDRESS. 

liberty  and  law,  or  in  one  of  tyranny  and  anarchy  ?     Has  our  noble 

constitution  —  the   master   work  of  human   wisdom  —  become   a   dead 

letter;  or  what  is  worse,  have  its  just  and  equitable  provisions,  securing 

equal   civil  and   religious  freedom  to  all,  been  openly  contemned  and 

trampled  under  foot  ?    Have  our  people  forgotten  the  price  of  liberty, 

that  they  now  hold  i^.  so  cheap  ?    What  will  the  friends  of  monarchy  and 

the  enemies  of  republicanism  in  the  old  world  think  and  say,  as  they 

point  in  triumph  to  these  sad  commentaries,  which  we  have  written  with 

our  own  hands,  on  our  boasted  fundamental  principle  of  equal  law  and 

equal  privileges  to  all  ?     What  will  the  radical  republicans  of  Europe, 

with  whom  so  many  of  our  people  profess  to  sympathize,  answer,  when 

their  opponents  will  appeal  to  such  practical  workings  of  liberty  as  the 

above,  in  the   great  Model   Republic   across  the  Atlantic  ?     Can  any 

reasonable  man  doubt,  that  ii\Q  excesses  to  which  we  allude  will  have  the 

effect  of  greatly  weakening,  if  not  of  wholly  marring  the  cause  of  true 

and  rational  liberty  throughoi  t  the  world  ? 

If  history  utters  any  warning,  or  teaches  any  lesson,  it  is  this  great 

truth  :    that  persecution  has  never  yet  put   down  a  good   cause,  nor 

materially  served  a  bad  one.     Truth  may  be  obscured  or  smothered  for  a 

time ;  it  cannot  be  destroyed.     Tims  the  sun  may  be  darkened  for  a  time 

by  the  interposing  cloud,  but  anon  his  bright  rays  will  break  out  again 

to  illumine  the  world  ;  no  human  power  can  wholly  extinguish  his  light, 

much  less  blot  him  out  from  the  heavens.     Yet  the  sun  will  share  the 

fate  of  all  things  created,  and  cease  to  exist ;  but  the  truth  of  God  abideth 

forever.     For  more  than  eighteen  centuries  the    Catholic    Church   has 

stood,  a  tower  of  strength,  amidst  the  ruins  of  all  things  earthly,  strewn 

in   her  pathway.     Dynasties   have   changed,  thrones   have  fallen,  and 

sceptres  have  been  broken  around  her;  yet  has  she  stood,  and  she  still 
stands,  stronger  than  ever  : 

"  She  saw  the  commencement  of  all  the  governments  and  of  all  the 
ecclesiastical  establishments,  that  now  exist  in  the  world  ;  and  we  feel  no 
assurance  that  she  is  not  destined  to  see  the  end  of  them  all.  ,  .  Four 
times  since  the  Church  of  Rome  was  established  in  western  Christendom 
has  the  human  intellect  risen  up  against  her  yoke.  Twice  she  remained 
completely  victorious.  Twice  she  came  forth  from  the  conflict  bearing 
the  marks  of  cruel  wounds,  but  with  the  principle  of  life  still  strong 
within  her.  When  we  reflect  upon  the  tremendous  assaults  wliicli  she 
has  survived,  we  find  it  difficult  to  conceive  in  what  way  she  is  to  perish.'" 

Nothing  could,  in  fact,  be  more  honorable  to  the  Catholic  Church  than 

the  mode  of  warfare  which  has  been  lately  adopted  to  effect  her  ruin  in 

this  country.     In  appealing  to  passion  and  mob  violence  against  her,  her 

1  Macaulay  —  RoTlew  of  Ranke's  History  of  the  Topes. 


i 


r 


i 


r 


INTEOD UCT 0 R Y    ADDRESS.  7 

enemies  virtually  acknowledge  that  calm  examination  and  sober  rea- 
soning are  powerless  for  her  destruction  ;  by  the  necessity  under  which 
they  find  themselves  to  resort  to  misrepresentation  and  slander,  they 
substantially  concede  that  they  would  be  worsted  in  the  fair  field  of 
truthful  statement  and  dispassionate  argument.  Thus,  those  Protestants 
who  have  been  induced  by  prejudice  and  passion  to  favor  this  unhallowed 
mode  of  attack  upon  our  Church,  have  really  abandoned  the  vantan-e- 
groimd  in  the  controversy,  and  have  thereby  unwittingly  yielded  us  the 
victory.  Bad  temper,  unfairness,  and  violence  in  a  disputant,  greatly 
damage  hi':  cause,  in  the  judgment  of  all  calm  and  impartial  men  ; 
while  the  party  assailed  by  such  weapons  is  always  sure  to  win  sympathy, 
and  to  gain  on  public  opinion. 

Another  feature  in  the  present  violent  warfare  against  us,  is  its  glaring 
inconsistency.  The  men  who  are  most  prominent  in  the  crusade  are,  in 
general,  as  unprincipled  as  the  means  they  employ  are  detestable,' 
Professing  to  be  the  champions  of  freedom,  their  secret  and  even  avowed 
object  is  to  rob  of  freedom  a  large  portion  of  their  fellow  citizens  :  —  for 
their  "  war  to  the  hilt  against  Romanism,"  as  explained  by  their  words 
and  their  actions,  means  nothing  less  than  this.  Professing  to  love  the 
Bible,  and  boasting  a  wish  to  see  the  principles  of  the  Bible  triumphantly 
carried  out  in  politics,  they  trample  recklessly  upon  the  most  cherished 
principles  of  the  Bible.  The  Bible  says:  "Thou  shaltlove  thy  neighbor 
as  thyself ;  "  they  say,  we  must  hate  our  neighbor,  and  declare  war  to 
the  hilb  against  him,  if  he  happen  to  belong  to  the  oldest  and  most 
numerous  body  of  Christians  on  the  face  of  the  earth.  The  Bible  teaches, 
that  we  must  love  our  enemies ;  they  hate  even  their  friends,  or  those  at 
least  who  have  never  wronged  them  in  thought  or  deed.  The  Bible 
inculcates  the  equitable  principle,  that  we  must  do  unto  others,  as  we 
would  wish  others  to  do  unto  us  under  like  circumstances ;  they  teach 
that  Catholics  are  to  be  excluded  from  the  operation  of  this  Gospel  rule. 
The  Bible  teaches,  that  we  are  to  be  kind  and  indulgent  to  the  poor 
stranger  who  comes  within  our  borders  ;  they  teach  that  no  treatment  is 
too  hard  for  the  stranger,  if  he  dare  think  for  himself  in  matters  of  religion, 
and  exercise  his  undoubted  civil  rights  —  clearly  guaranteed  to  him  by 
the  constitution  in  the  country  of  his  adoption.  These  specifications  will 
suffice  to  show,  how  our  boasted  lovers  and  champions  of  the  Bible, —  who 
are  wont  to  parade  the  sacred  volume  in  their  riotous  and  bloody  proces- 

1  We  spoiik  here  nnilthronghou',  this  Address  chiefly  of  the  lt?adora  in  the  anti-Catholic  warfare. 
We  are  convinced  that  very  many  among  those  who  have  enrolled  themcelvea  in  the  new  politiciil 
party  are  well  meaning  men,  who  have  been  misled  by  the  arts  of  others,  or  who  aro  even  persuaded 
that  they  are  doing  God  and  their  country  service  by  proscribing  Catholics ! 


8 


INTEODUOTORY    ADDRESS. 


sions,'  —  wantonly  trample  it  under  foot,  whenever  its  declarations  conflict 
with  their  headlong  passions. 

Another  glaring  inconsistency  in  those  who  are  foremost  in  the  anti- 
Catholic  crusade,  is  found  in  the  fact,  that  while  they  profess  to  advocate 
a  change  of  policy  in  regard  to  all  foreigners  who  come  to  our  shores, 
they  secretly,  and  sometimes  even  openly,  fraternize  wilh  the  blood- 
stained Irish  Orangemen  and  the  truculent  German  infidels  !  Their 
boasted  political  principles  are  thus  lost  sight  of,  or  openlv  violated, 
whenever  there  is  a  good  opportunity  for  waging  a  "  war  to  the  hilt 
against  Romanism."  Every  one  is  familiar  with  the  late  atrocious 
attack  on  the  Catholic  Church  at  Newark  by  Irish  Orangemen,  and  how 
the  press  in  the  interest  of  the  Know  Nothings,  as  usual,  added  slander 
to  outrage,  by  laying  all  the  blame  on  the  Irish  Catholics.  Well, 
sacrilege  was  perpetrated  in  the  open  light  of  day;  murder  was  done  on 
the  person  of  an  inoflfensive  man :  yet  up  to  the  present  day  not  one 
among  the  foreign  Protestant  perpetrators  of  these  horrid  deeds  has  been 
even  arrested  !  Still  the  truth  camo  out,  after  the  first  storm  of  passion 
had  passed  away  ;  and  even  the  New  York  Tribune,  re-echoing  the 
declaration  of  other  papers,  at  length  honorably  proclaimed  it  as  follows  ; 

The  Newark  Murder  and  Sacrilege. —  "That  Church  stands  fairly 
exculpated  from  all  offense,  and  its  devastation  is  an  unprovoked  and 
shameful  outrage,  which  reflects  great  discredit  on  Newark  and  bellio-ereut 
Protestantism.  And  it  is  worthy  of  note  that  while  this  is  the  fil'lh  or 
sixth  Catholic  edifice,  which  has  been  destroyed  or  devastated  by  mob 
violence  in  our  country,  there  is  no  instance  on  record  wherein  a  Protestant 
house  ofivorship  has  been  ravaged  by  Catholics.'"^ 

As  if  conscious  of  the  dishonorable  character  of  their  warfare  on  Cath- 
olics, the  new  anti- Catholic  party  enters  the  field  shrouded  in  secresy  and 
wrapped  up  in  mystery.  Professing  to  be  the  champions  of  "  American 
principles,"  they  skulk  away  into  darkness,  and  seem  ashamed  to  show 
their  faces  in  the  light  of  day.  If  this  be  one  of  the  "American 
principles,"  then  are  we  done  forever  with  American  principles  !  Born 
and  reared  up  in  this  free  country,  we  have  doated  from  our  infancy  on 
the  glorious  principles  embodied  in  our  noble  declaration  of  independence, 
and  in  those  cognate  ones  set  forth  in  our  matchless  constitution.  They 
have  been  the  dream  of  our  youth,  and  the  idol  of  our  maturer  years. 
And  we  have  had  abundant  opportunities  to  know,  that  those  whom 
choice,  and  not  the  mere  accident  of  birth,  have  made  citizens  of  our 
happy  country,  have,  without  an  exception  known  to  us,  entert^aincd  a 
fond  predilection  for  American  principles,  scarcely  surpassed  in  intensity 

I  As  they  did  during  the  Philadolphia  Riots.  2  New  York  Tribune,  of  September  8,  1854. 


t 


»V- 


T 


INTRODUCTORY     ADDRESS. 


9 


t 


T 


by  our  own.     But  we  and  they  had  thought,  in  our  simplicity,  that 

manliness  was  one  among  those  cherished  "American  principles"  :  that 

it  was  even  an  essential  part  of  the  American  character  to  be  open, 

candid,  and  straight-forward  in  all  its  acts ;  that  the  American  could 

have  no  possible  cause  to  be  ashamed  either  of  his  name,  of  his  political 

doctrines,  or  of  his  acts  ;  that  he  needed  no  cover  of  darkness  to  conceal 

either  his  purposes  or  his  deeds.     But  we  were  mistaken  ;  our  dream  has 

been  dissipated  ;  and  we  awake  to  the  painful  reality,  that  neither  we  nor 

our  fathers  knew  anything  about  "  American  principles,"  until  we  were 

happily  taught   them   by  foreign  infidels,  incendiaries,   and   assassins, 

boasting  the  hallowed  name  of  patriots  and   martyrs  of  liberty  !     Yet 

these  were  the  very  men  against  whose  pernicious  arts  Washington  had 

so  solemnly  warned  us,  when  he  bade  us  beware  of  foreign  influence  ! 

The  real  danger  to  our  republican  institutions  lies  in  the  encourao-ement 

given  to  those  mischievous  men  — the  spawn  of  foreign  revolutions 

whom  failure  in  their  attempts  abroad  cause  to  be  cast  upon  our  shores. 

Received   with   open   arms   by   our   patriotic    sympathy,   they  proceed 

forthwith  to  organize  amongst  us  those  dangerous  secret  political  societies, 

which  were  the  chief  instruments  of  their  warfare  in  Europe.     Hear  what 

the  venerable  Josiali  Quincy  says  of  such  societies  : 

"  The  liberties  of  a  people  are  never  more  certainly  in  the  path  of 
destruction,  than  when  they  trust  themselves  to  the  guidance  of  secret 
societies.  Birds  of  the  night  are  never  birds  of  wisdom.  One  of  tlicm 
indeed  received  this  name,  but  it  was  from  its  looks,  and  not  from  its 
moral  and  intellectual  qualities.  They  are  for  the  most  part  birds  of 
prey.  The  fate  of  a  republic  is  sealed  when  the  Bats  take  the  lead  of  the 
Eagles." 

Every  reader  of  American  history  knows  how  Washington  saved  the 
country,  by  refusing  to  recognize  Genet,  the  envoy  of  the  bloody  French 
republic  ;  whose  arts  and  influence  among  the  people  had  well  nigh 
brought  ruin  on  our  infant  government.  The  calm  judgment  and  wise 
forecast  of  Washington  prevented  us  from  being  led  away  by  this  most 
dangerous  "  loreign  influence  ;  "  leading  to  precisely  such  "  entangling 
alliances,"  as  the  demagogue  Kossuth,  at  a  more  recent  period,  sought, 
happily  in  vain,  to  bring  about. 

But  enough  on  this  branch  of  the  subject.  We  cannot  bring  ourselves 
to  believe,  for  a  moment,  that  the  narrow-minded,  inconsistent,  unscrip- 
tural,  un-American,  and  utterly  detestable  spirit,  exhibited  by  those 
among  us  who  now  take  a  leading  part  in  the  warfare  against  Cntliolics,  is 
at  all  likely  to  become  the  settled  policy  of  our  yet  happy  and  prosperous 
/country.     Should  wo,  however,  be  wrong  in  this  belief,  and  should  that 


;;:' ;  ^  .'<"■, r  ■  * 


10 


INTRODUCTORY    ADDRESS. 


truculent  spirit  prevail  for  a  time  over  sounder  and  more  American 
principles  ;  should  the  persecution  of  Catholics  continue  and  increase 
u.itil  our  churches  will  all  be  in  ruins,  and  there  will  remain  no  resting 
place  for  out  feet  on  the  soil  of  this  republic  ;  then  are  we  ounvinced, 
that  amidst  the  ruins  of  our  Church  in  this  country  will  be  strewn 
likewise  the  ruins  of  the  republic  itself !  The  liberal  and  enlarged 
principles  of  the  latter  will  be  annihilated  ;  its  greatness  will  be  arrested 
and  its  glories  dimmed ;  and  while  the  stars  of  its  flag  may  yet  float  in 
the  heavens,  its  E  Plukibus  Unum  will  be  oblite.-ated,  and  its  many- 
colored  stripes,  emblematic  of  union  in  diversity  —  like  its  motto — will 
be  blotted  out  forever.' 

Still  we  are  unshaken  in  our  hope  of  better  things  in  the  future.  There 
is,  after  all,  a  strongly  conservative  spirit  and  a  practical  good  sense  in  the 
mass  of  our  population,  which  Jieeds  only  be  fairly  awakened,  lo  frown 
down  all  attempts  at  fastening  o;-  our  necks  the  system  of  narrow-minded 
and  proscriptive  policy  of  v*hic;h  wo  are  speaking.  To  this  prpcnci.l  sense 
and  "  solter  second  th^u'jjht "  alone  do  we  now  address  ourselves  ;  all 
reasoning  with  the  unscrupulous  faction  whicii  seeks  to  abridge  or  destroy 
our  lib-^rties,  \,iVQ  worse  than  useless.  Wo  will  accordingly  devote  the 
nmaiinng  portion  of  this  Address  to  answering  some  principal  objections 
made  against  us  by  oui*  more  reasonable  opponents.  Fuliy  to  refute  them 
all,  would  require  a  volume  ;  though  the  bulk  of  the  jharges  might  be 
answered,  by  simply  saying  that  we  are  misrepresented.  We  will  confine 
ourselves  to  those  T*hich  affect  our  character  as  citizens  :'  and  even  hero, 
wc  must  be  brief,  though  we  hope  that  what  wo  shall  be  able  to  say  wiU 
be  plain,  straightforward,  and  to  th''  purpose.  Truth  needs  no  gloss  nor 
dr:;pery  ;  when  pr'^sented  in  iis  simple  and  unadorned  beauty,  it  best 
attracts  llio  admiration,  and  wins  tho  homage  of  all  its  candid  and 
impartial  votaries. 

Almost  all  the  accusations  made  against  us  are  reducible  to  these  two 
heads  :  first,  that  in  religion  wo  are  intolerant  and  proscriptive  ;  second, 
that  'u  politics,  we  are  enemies  of  republican  institutions,  and  friends  of 
a  foroign  despotism.  We  will  proceed  summarily  to  answer  these  iwo 
charges,  together  with  some  of  the  principal  specifications  alleged  to 
fiiipnort  thorn.  But  as  wc  eannot  bs  roasonably  oxnected  in  'his 
Iiitroducttiry   \ddross  to  go  into  all  the  d-'tails  necessary  for  the  full 

1  Or  if  not  ivholly  oblltnratoj,  at  Icist  uprcreil  from  th»  unity  of  th«  Flog;  tho  itnrs  bffnsj  for 
Hie  iiHtire  Imin,  niid  tho  strip-f  for  rli»  forflirner.  p»onpIiiK  from  tyranny  to  this  noble  afiylum  of 
frprdntn  !    Thli  h  tliR  b'-iiiitirul  thoiisht  of  Ar  -hblshop  HvixIipk. 

2  Ti,  tho  f<.i;o«ln?  I'rtvos,  wp  nnswcr  ninny  of  ihw  mu''t  current  iiopular  charges  ngninet  tnc 
Churrh  ;  pi\rUeuliirly  iu  the  TUcologicnl  Ensnyi,  Part  II.  p  897,  (loqq. 


% 


'^ 


INTRODUCTORY     ADDRESS. 


11 


i 


'^ 


elucidation  of  a  subject  so  vast  in  the  topics  which  it  must  necessarily 
embrace,  we  shall  claim  the  privilege  of  referring,  as.  we  proceed,  to  the 
Essays  contained  in  this  volume  for  such  additional  facts  and  illustiaiiona 
as  they  may  supply,  on  the  points  which  will  successively  come  under 
discussion. 

1.  In  regard  to  the  charge  of  exclusiveaess  and  intolerance,  two  thing's, 
which  are  often  confounded,  should  be  accurately  distinguished  :  namely. 
theological  e. delusiveness  and  civil  intolerance.  Our  Protestant  bretliren 
have,  in  general,  very  vague  and  looso  ideas  upon  this  subject.  Amono- 
them,  the  term  religious  liberality  generally  implies  what  might  with  more 
propriety  bo  called  latitudinarian'.sm.  The  fasliionable  theory,  which 
now  obtains  extensively  among  those  outside  of  the  Catholic  Church, 
holds  that  it  matters  not  what  a  Christian  believes,  provided  he  try  to  bo 
a  moral  man  and  a  good  citizen  ;  in  other  words,  that  Christ  either  taught 
no  specific  doctrines  whatever,  or  tl:at  He  required,  as  a  condition  of 
salvation,  belief  in  none  which  He  did  teach,  or  at  most  in  but  a  few 
fundamental  articles.  When  those,  who  maintain  the  obligation  of 
belief  in  these  fundamental  principles  only,  are  called  upon  to  define 
them,  they  are  often  embarrassed  for  an  answer;  some  giving  a  wider, 
some  a  more  limited  range  to  the  points  in  queslion.  All,  however 
agree  in  advocating,  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  the  latitudinarian  principle 
above  indicated. 

Now  we  Catholics  strongly  protest  against  this  popular  theory,  as 
tending  to  unsettle  all  faith,  and  to  subvert  Christianity  itself.  Wo  hold 
that  Christ  delivered  a  definite  system  of  religion  ;  that  uU  the  doctrines 
which  He  taught  are  equally  true,  and  equally  to  be  believed  ;  that  He 
died  on  the  cross  to  sed  the  truth  of  them  all  with  His  blood ;  and  that 
consequently  all  the  articles  of  faith  v/hich  he  established,  in  a  majiner  so 
sol}mn,  must  bo  believed  by  all  who  have  the  means  of  knowini'-  them. 
In  oilier  words,  we  hiold  that  Christ,  being  the  Son  of  God  and  Truth 
itself,  dill  establish,  and  in  the  very  nature  of  things,  could  have  estab- 
lished, but  ONn  rkltgion;  an?'  that,  as  Ho  founded  it  for  the  salvation  of 
matilcind.  He  must  have  required  that  it  should  be  embraced,  in  all  its 
party,  by  all  who  wouhl  bo  saved.  This  principle  wo  regard  as  almost 
self-evident ;  and  Wfl  c«nnot  see-  how  it  can  be  denied  by  any,  who  hiivc 
dclinile  ideas  on  the  nature  and  purpose  of  the  Cliristian  religion,  or  who 
believe  w  the  divinity  of  its  Author  and  Founder.  If  the  Chrisiian 
religion  was  not,  after  ail,  necessary  to  hulvation,  then  why  did  the  Son 
of   (iod  ur.dergo   so  much   labor,  and   cnduro  so  much   obloquy   and 


12 


INTRODUCTORY     ADDRESS. 


suffering  for  its  establishment  ?  Why  did  He  say,  speaking-  of  all  tlie 
doctrines  which  He  had  taught  without  any  distinction:  "He  that 
believeth  not,  shall  be  condemned?  "  '  Why  does  His  inspired  apostle 
Paul  declare, in  the  name  of  his  Master, —  "  Without  fiiith  ii  is  impossible 
to  please  God  !  "  - 

But  our  present  purpose  does  not  require  us  to  discuss  this  or  any 
other  doctrinal  point;  we  are  merely  stating  our  belief.  Wiiat  then  do 
we  hold  in  rooard  to  those  who  are  outside  of  the  one  true  Churcli  of 
Christ  ?  Do  we  condemn  them  all  alike  and  indiscriminately?  We  do  not. 
We  leave  them  to  their  own  responsibility  before  God,  by  whose  unerring 
judgment  they  will,  like  ourselves,  stand  or  fall.  If  not  united  with  the 
Church,  through  their  own  fault, —  having  the  light  and  opportunity  to 
find  out  what  it  is,  and  neglecting  to  correspond  therewith, —  they  are  in 
imminent  danger  of  losino:  their  immortal  souls,  for  which  Jesus  died. 
If  they  are  separated  from  it,  without  any  fault  of  theirs, —  should  there 
be  any  such, —  they  will  not  be  condemned  for  this  ;  for  God  condemns 
none  but  the  guilty.  Whether  they  are  out  of  the  true  church  with  or 
without  their  own  fault,  the  great  Searcher  of  hearts  alone  can  decide; 
and  in  His  liandswe  leave  them. 

But  the  Catholic  Church  teaches  farther,  with  Christ  Himself,  that  we 
must  "  love  our  neiohbor  as  ourselves  ;  "  that  we  must  bear  the  burdens  of 
one  another ;  that  we  must  pray  for  and  love  even  our  enemies,  and  do  good 
to  those  who  do  evil  to  us  ;  that,  when  it  is  question  of  solacing  misery  or 
succoring  distress,  we  must  not  stop  to  inquire  the  belief  of  the  sufterer  ; 
in  a  word,  that  without  charity  towards  all  mankind,  the  profession  of 
Ciiristianity  wtro  vain  and  profitless.  The  Catholic  Church  enjoins  upon 
her  children  to  be  just  in  all  their  dealings,  to  be  good  citizens,  to  be  good 
neighbors,  to  be  good  parents,  good  children,  good  husbands,  good 
wives ;  —  good  in  every  relation  of  society ;  but  ospecially,  to  bo  good 
Christians,  loving  God  above  all  things,  and  performing  all  their  actions 
for  His  honor  and  glory. 

If  these  principles  be  intolerant,  then  must  we  plead  guilty  to  the  charg'j. 
But  if  they  bo  such  as  are  essentially  ^'onnected  with  Christianity  itself, 
such  as  alone  are  true  and  consistent  with  the  whole  tonor  and  the  very 
onii  and  aim  of  the  Clnistian  religion  :  then  are  we  content  to  boar  what- 
ever of  oblo(iuy  may  attach  to  our  belief  in  tliem.  If,  to  bo  considered 
charitable,  wo  are  called  upon  to  sacrifice  truth  and  common  sense  itself, 
and  to  say  that  a  hundred  contradictory  systems  of  belief  may  all  be  equally 


'T 


"t 


1  B».  Murk  XTl. 


2  Ili'bruwi  x\. 


INTRODUCTORY     ADDRESS. 


13 


I 


true,  then  must  we  submit  to  the  imputation  of  uncharitableness.  In  this 
we  do  but  imitate  St.  Paul,  who  sought  not  to  please  men,  but  rather  to 
be  the  servant  of  Christ ;'  and  we  do  but  share  in  the  ignominy  of  Christ 
Himself,  who,  instead  of  flattering  human  error,  died  for  the  truth. 

But  does  the  Catholic  Church  *'  call  down  fire  from  heaven"  on  the 
heads  of  those  who  dissent  from  her  belief?  By  no  means  :  hers  has 
been  at  all  times  a  different  spirit  altogether,  and  one  more  consonant  with 
that  of  her  divine  Founder.  Her  mission  has  been  to  win  sinners  to 
repentance,  to  inculcate  mercy  and  love,  not  hatred  and  bitterness.  The 
first  laws  for  the  punishment  of  heretics  were  enacted  by  the  early 
Christian  emperors,  not  by  the  Popes,  the  bishops,  or  the  Church.  The 
latter  deprecated  all  rigor  against  the  sectaries,  unless  in  particular  cases, 
where  it  seemed  indispensable  to  restrain  violence,  or  to  redress  open  and 
glaring  outrages  against  religious  liberty.^  The  Catholic  bishops  and  the 
Popes  were  themselves  often  the  victims  of  imperial  claims  to  regulate  the 
affairs  of  the  Church ;  and  it  is  very  doubtful  whether  they  could  have 
prevented  the  enactment  and  execution  of  the  laws  in  question.  The  Popes 
were  always  opposed  to  violent  measures  for  the  propagation  of  the  faith 
among  pagans  ;  and  they  were  also  in  tlie  habit  of  throwing  the  shield  of 
their  protection  around  the  Jews,  Avhenever  their  religious  privileges  and 
civil  rights  were  infringed  by  intemperate  Christian  zeal.'  The  Church 
has  thus  always  adopted  and  acted  upon  the  maxim  of  Tertullian,  who, 
more  than  sixteen  centuries  ago,  claimed  religious  liberty  for  Christians 
as  an  indefoasable  right,  growing  out  of  the  very  nature  of  religion  itself: 

"ReLIOIONIS    NGN    EST    ReLIGIONEM    CoOERE It   IS    NOT    'i      .    PART    OP 

RELIGION  TO  ESTABLISH  RELIGION  DY  FORCE."*  Her  Spirit  of  mildnoss  was 
breathed  forth  by  the  groat  St.  Augustine,  when,  writing  to  Donatus,  the 
imperial  Proconsul  in  Africa,  he  deprecated  all  undue  severity  against  the 
Arians  and  Donatists,  and  said  :  "  Wo  desire  them  to  be  corrected,  not 
slain.'"''  As  one  of  her  greatest  Popes,  St.  Leo  the  Great,  siys :  "  The 
lenity  of  the  Church  being  content  with  the  priestly  sentence,  shrinks  from 
sanguinary  vengeance  ;''^  and  she  sanctions  or  tolerates  severe  measures 
emanating  from  the  princes  of  the  earth,  only  when,  without  (hem,  society 

1  "  1)0  I  ?e<?k  to  pleuse  mon  '■  If  I  jet  pleased  men,  I  should  not  be  the  servant  of  Christ."—  Cf(i/a« 
liani  i,  10, 

2  rcc  the  cTiJcncc  on  this  subject,  ffc-Scntci  !a  cuBsidcfablo  detail  by  Afcbbishap  Kcnrich,  lo  his 
work  on  the  I'rlmaoy;  I'nrt  ti,  chap.  Tilt, 

8  lor  nmuy  fucts  siistainliiB  this  assertion,  see  "The  i  iliMaoy,"  Ibid. 

4  The  wliole  pafOtipte  of  Tertullian,  nf  (ranoiateil  by  ticli bishop  Kenrlck,  l«  as  fellows;  "  Tt  Is 
man's  rl^bt  and  privii<'j{«,  that  e;ich  ono  should  worxhip  what  ho  thinks  proprr  ;  nor  can  the  religion 
of  another  Injure  or  proflt  hlin.  Neither  is  it  a  part  of  religion  to  compel  Its  adoption;  sinro  this 
fchould  bespoDtnneous,  not  forced,  as  even  saoriflces  are  asked  only  of  fhochoorrnl  glvor."'  Trlmacy, 
-Ibid.  l>  Kpiat.  Donato.  0  Upbt.  ad  Turribiutu. 


14 


INTRODUCTORY     ADDRESS. 


itself  would  be  endangered.  "  all  regard  for  probity  destroyed,  all  bonds 
of  society  dissolved,  and  divine  and  human  laws  at  once  overturned.'" 
Hence  that  celebrated  and  well  known  maxim,  embodied  as  an  axiom  in 
her  Canon  Law :  "Ecclesia  abhorret  a  Sanguine-The  Church  abhors 
BLOODSHED."     So  far  is  this  principle  carried,  that  a  standing  rule  of  her 
discipline  forbids  the  ordination,  not  only  of  those  who  have  been  guilty 
of  shedding  blood,  but  also  of  those  who,  whether  as  judges,  accusers,  or 
voluntary  witnesses,  have  co-operated  towards  passing  a  sentence  of  death 
on  a  fellow  man,  or  even  one  of  bodily  mutilation  without  taking  life.» 
From  the  earliest  period  of  her  history,  she  has  taught  and  acted  upon 
tliese  principles.     To  furnish  one  out  of  a  hundred  examples  of  this,  it  is 
well  known  that  in  the  fourth  century,  St.  Martin,  the  illustrious  bishop 
of  Tours,  openly  censured  two  Spanish  bishops -Ithacius  andldacius- 
for  teaching  that  the  Priscillianists  should  be  punished  with    corporal 
chastisement  or  death  for  their  wicked  heresy,  though  this  tended  to  the 
subversion  of  social  order  itself;  and  the  Church  sustained  him  in  his 

truly  Christian  course.' 

Persecution  is  not,  and  never  has  been  a  doctrine  of  the  Catholic  Church. 
Our  standard  writers  have  often  boldly  defied  thou  adversaries  to  establish 
the  contrary  proposition  ;  but  their  challenge  has  never  been  fairly  met. 
Surely,  if  the  Catholic  Church  had  ever  taught  persecution,  as  a  doctrine. 
her  enemies  could  tell  us  when  and  where  she  inculcated  the  offensive 
tenet.     If  she  ever  persecuted,  as  a  Church,  they  could  certainly  furni.li 
us  with  such  facts  and  specifications  on  the  subject,  as  would  not  be  sus- 
ceptible of  either  explanation  or  reply.     The  Catholic  Cluirch  is  no  secret 
society  ;  she  has  taught  boldly,  and  acted  out  her  teaching  openly  in  the 
arena  of  the  world  for  more  than  eighteen  centuries  ;  and  if  the  charge  of 
persecution  could  be  sustained  against  her,  it  would  long  since  have  been 
done.     The  attempt  has  indeed  been  made,  but  it  has  utterly  failed.    Our 
writers  have  scattered  to  the  winds  the  arguments  of  their  opponents  on 
this  subject,  and  have  shown  that,  in  the  majority  of  cases,  the  latter  havo 
substituted  vague  declamation  for /ad.,  fiery  appeals  to  passion  fur  sober 

argument. 

But  have  not  Catholics  persecuted  in  times  past  ?  Wo  do  not  deny  it ; 
but  we  answer,  that  they  did  so  in  virtue  of  no  doctrine  of  their  Church. 
If  the  mere  act  of  persecution  proved  the  doctrine,  then  it  would  follow 
that  all  the  Protestant  sects  hold  the  same  odious  tenet;  for  all  of  tlieiu 

1  Ibl.l.    Ho  rofors  to  tho  fatnl  errors  of  tho  ancient  Munlcheans. 
In  fiiTor  of  tho  perMcutod  rrl»cllllanUt«. 


INTRODUCTORY     ADDRESS. 


15 


have  been  stained  with  persecution,  atone  period  or  other  of  their  history. 
They  liave  all  persecuted  Catholics,  whenever  and  wherever  they  had  the 
pov/er  to  do  so ;  and  almost  all  of  them  have  likewise  been  guilty  of  the 
fflaving  inconsistency  of  persecuting  brother  Protestants,  for  daring,  in  the 
exercise  of  the  conceded  right  of  private  judgment,  to  think  differently 
from  themselves  !     But  who  would  infer  from  this  undoubted  fact,  that 
Protestants  generally  hold  it  as  a  doctrine,  that  all  who  dissent  from  their 
particular  views  should  be  put  down  by  fire  and  sword  ?     Such  a  con- 
clusion would  be  clearly  illogical  and  grievously  unjust.     Now  we  claim 
the  application  of  the  same  equitable  principle  to  the  charge  of  persecu- 
tion brouo-ht  ao-ainst  our  Church ;  and  surely  our  claim  is  not  unreasonable. 
But  the  Catholic  Church  professes  to  be  infallible  and  unchangeable, 
whereas  the  Protestant  sects  admit  that  they  are  liable  to  err,  and  have 
ofieu  erred  in  times  past.     We  freely  grant  the  latter  proposition  ;  in  regard 
to  the  former,  our  adversaries  lose  sight  of  a  very  obvious  distinction, 
which  truth  demands  should  be  made.    The  Catholic  Church  is  unchange- 
able in  doctrine,  but  noL  in  discipline.     The  latter  may  and  does  vary  in 
its  details,  according  to  times,  places,  and  circumstances.     So  that,  even 
if  our  opponents  should  prove  that  our  Church  had,  at  any  period  of  her 
history,  adopted  persecution  as  a  line  of  conduct  under  particular  circum- 
stances, or  as  a  general  discipline,  they  would  not  still  make  good  their 
position.     But  have  they  established  even  this  proposition  ?     We  believe 
not;  and  to  show  how  inconclusive  are  their  arguments,  on  a  point  which 
does  not  directly  touch  the  real  matter  at  issue,  wo  will  briefly  refer  to  a 
few  of  tlieir  specifications. 

They  allege,  with  an  air  of  triumph,  the  third  Canon  of  the  fourth 
Council  of  Lateran,'  which  excommunicated  heretics,  and  ordered  that 
thoy  should  be  delivered  up  for  punishment  to  tha  secular  power.     Our 
answer  is  obvious.     In  the  first  pluco,  it  is  manifest  that  no  doctrine  irf 
promulgated  by  this  canon,  but  that  only  a  rule  of  action  is  laid  down 
for  a  particular  case.     2.  Wo  may  observe,  thatMathew  Paris,  a  weighty 
ootemnorary  historian,  denies  that  this  and  the  other  canons  were  tho 
acts  of  the  council  itself;'    and  that  0  o   English    Protestant   church 
historian.  Collier,  declares  his  belief  that  the  tlnrd  canon  in  particular  is 
not  genuine.'     3.  But,  waiving  this,  and  admitting  the  genuineness  of 
the  canon,  every  reader  of  Cirarch  liislury  knows  that  it  was  enacted 
with  the  full  concurrence,  and  probably  on  the  positive  demand,  of  th» 


1  Hold  A.I).  1213 

a  Miith.  VatU  —  al  annum  1215,  npiiJ  Milner—  I.oKcrs  to  a  Probtniary. 

8  Colll«r,  lAH-lojlwlicul  llUtoo' ;  vol.  I,  p.  iH  :  <iuot«'l  Ibli. 


16 


INTRODUCTORY     ADDRESS. 


temporal  sovereigns  of  Christendom,  who  were  nearly  all  of  them  present 
at  the  council,  either  personally,  or  by  their  ambassadors.'  Some  of  the 
provisions  of  the  canon  could  not,  in  fact,  have  been  enacted,  much  less, 
carried  into  execution,  but  with  the  consent  and  co-operation  of  the 
temporal  sovereigns  ;  especially  of  thoso  who  were  chiefly  concerned.  It 
may  here  be  remarked,  in  general,  that  many  of  the  councils  held  during 
the  middle  ages  were  not  exclusively  ecclesiastical  conventions,  but 
rather  congresses  of  all  Christendom,  representing  the  temporal  as  well 
as  the  spiritual  power.'  4.  The  severe  provisions  of  this  canon  were 
directed  against  the  Albigenses,  who  then  infested  the  south  of  France, 
than  whom  a  more  pestilent  sect  probably  never  existed.  They  were  the 
sworn  foes  of  all  religion,  of  all  decency,  and  of  all  social  order.  Wherever 
they  appeared,  desolation  and  ruin  tbllowed  in  their  pathway.'  They 
were  the  Jacobins  and  Sctns-culottes  of  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  centuries  ; 
and  they  were,  if  possible,  oven  more  truculent  and  bloody  than  the 
Jacobins  themselves.  They  were  the  enemies  of  both  God  and  man. 
Worse  than  our  modern  Mormons,  they  condemned  marriage  altogether, 
and  gave  a  free  rein  to  every  brutal  passion  and  appetite.  Had  they 
succeeded  in  establishing  their  principles,  all  order  and  all  civilization 
would  have  been  at  an  end.  Is  it  any  wonder  then,  that  all  Christendom  — 
the  State  no  less  than  the  Church  —  rose  up  in  mass  to  put  down,  even  by 
force,  a  sect  so  monstrous  ?  Is  it  not  plain  also,  that,  such  being  the 
facts,  the  severe  measures  sanctioned  by  the  council  constitute  an 
exceptional  case,  which  should  not  be  alleged  as  evidence  of  a  general 
nile  ?  And  for  the  truth  of  this  picture,  we  appeal  with  confidence  to 
all  cotemporary  history.  We  may  safely  apply  to  them  what  the  learned 
Protestant  church  historian  Mosheim  candidly  says  of  a  cognate  sect  — 
the  Brethren  of  the  Free  Spirit :  '' 

"  Certain  writers,  who  have  accustomed  themselves  to  entertain  a  hio-h 
idea  of  the  sanctity  of  all  those  who,  in  the  middle  ages,  separated 
themselves  from  the  Ciiurch  of  Rome,  suspect  the  inquisitors  of  having 
falsely  athibuted  impious  doctrines  to  the  Brethren  of  the  Free  Spirit. 

1  There  wero  thus  present  at  this  council  the  emperors  of  Germany  nn<l  Oonptantinople,  the  kings 
of  France,  England,  Aragon,  Sicily,  Hungary,  Jerusulein,  and  Cyprus;  besides  several  minor 
aovereigns. 

2  As  during  the  period  In  qneption,  nocloty  was  strugRling  Into  form,  and  there  were  no  ginnding 
nrmies  to  repel  Btrongly  organijied  and  wide-Bpread  aggressions  upon  socinl  onler,  expedirinns  of  a 
general  character  for  (ho  defense  of  society  were  decided  on  In  co  uncils  of  the  European  sovereigns  ; 

&iiu  whrri  thcrnriiiirr  •'•'  Oi'drr  Wrrc  hkrwlrc  thtj  furs  of  rcliglou,  tbc^r  OSpcdit  iOriS  Were  r«;ilod  cru.^;iJt*g. 

8  For  fiicts  and  details  on  this  subject,  we  beg  to  rctcr  to"  ThePriuiucy,"by  Archhbishop  Kenrick, 
iinp.  cit, 

4  Dm  ing  tho  twelfth  and  thirteenth  centuries  n  great  part  of  Europe  was  Infested  with  pernicioua 
soots,  which  revived  under  ilifTorcnt  forms  tho  anti-social  errors  of  the  nncient  Malucheans.  They 
were  all  alike,  though  they  hnre  the  dirfi'Tcnt  names  of  Turlupins,  Uegards,  Brethren  of  tho  Free 
Spirit,  and  Alblgenaes.    The  I'ctro-Brur'ians  were  a  kindred  sect. 


INTRODUCTORY    ADDRESS. 


17 


But  tliis  suspicion  is  entirely  groundless,  &c.  .  .  .  Tl.eir  shocking- 
violation  o  decency  ^as  a  consequence  of  their  pernic'ioL  system^ 
They  looked  upon  decency  and  modlty  as  marks  of  S^n^vai-d  conlt"^ 
.  .  .Cert.iinenthus,ass  amongst  them  maintained,  that  tlic  believer  could 
not  sm,  let  his  conduct  be  ever  so  horrible  or  atrocious."  • 

But  what  have  we  to  say  on  f      Inquisition,  especially  the  Spanish 

Inquisition  ;    which,   with    the   alleged   sanction   of  the    Cliurch,  filled 

Christendom  with  so  many  horrors  for  ages  ?    What  explanation  Ire  wo 

to  give  of  what  occurred  at  the  Council  of  Constance,  which,  contrary  to 

plighted  faith,  consigned  John  Huss  and  Jerome  of  Prague  to  the  flam'es  ? 

Satisfactory  answers  on  both  these  points  could  be  easily  given  ;  and  they 

have  been  given  a  hundred  times  already.     But  as  we  devote  special 

Essays  to  these  subjects  in  the  following  pages,  ^  we  must  refer  the  candid 

reader  to  them  for  details ;  and  we  do  so  with  entire  confidence,  that 

all  who  will  take  the  trouble  to  read  these  papers,  will  rise  from  the  pe'rusal 

with  the  conviction,  that  even  those  darker  passages  in  the  Church's 

history  do  not  make  out  the  case  of  persecution  against  her,  even  as  a 

point  of  discipline. 

Come  we  now  to  times  nearer  our  own  day.     What  are  the  statistics 
of  persecution  during  the  last  three  centuries,  since  the  dawn  of  what  has 
been  called  by  its  friends  the  reformation?     And  how  stands  the  case  at 
present   in  Europe,  and  m  America?     No  candid  man  who  has  read 
history  aright  will  deny,  that  during  this  period,  and  especially  at  present, 
we  have  been,  and  are  now,  much  more  sinned  against  than  sinning  in  the' 
matter  of  persecution.     Catholics  who  speak  the  English  language,  in 
particular,  have  been  for  three  hundred  years,  almost  without  intermission, 
the  victims  of  the  most  ruthless  intolerance.     Robbed  of  their  church  and 
often  of  th.ir  personal  property ;  slandered  in  their  reputation  ;  hunted 
down   by  the  myrmidons   of  a   persecuting  government ;     branded  as 
traitors  and  outlaws  in  their  own  country  and  that  of  their  fathers  before 
them  :    such  has  been  their  treatment  in  Protostant  England  up  to  a 
comparatively  recent  period  ;   ever  since  the  fatal  day  when  the  tyrant 
Henry  VIII.— the  Nero  of  modern  times— quarreled  with  the  Pope,  and 
violently  severed  the  unity  of  the   Church,  because  she  could  not  and 
would  not  sanction  his  headlong  passions,  to  the  injury  of  a  virtuous 
wife  ! '     In  Ireland,  the  fato  of  the  Catholics  was  still  harder,  and  of 
longer  continuance.'' 

1  Kccli'.s.  History,  vol.  iii,  p.  28J ;  Mncluin's  translation— quote  J  by  Milner. 

2  Sue  the  Arlkk'son  thu  Spmisli  Inquisition,  and  on  John  Hum  auU  the  llus.-itos  ;  pp.  213  191  smn 

3  See  the  tliird  Article  on  Ol.ureh  History  p.  67 seqq,  for  farther  details  on  tl.o  refn-ma.ion  in  Kngland 

4  In  Mie  ArtiHo  on  Ir..I„„.l  nnd  the  Irl.h-p.  50G  R-iq.,  we  hare  skeiched  the  sufferings  of  (Jatholio 
Uttitind  under  English  peri-ecution. 


18 


INTRODUCTORY    ADDRESS. 


We  go  even  farther,  and  state,  as  a  fact  which  no  one  will  deny,  who 
retains  the  least  regard  for  historic  truth,  that  in  every  country  in  Europe 
where  the  reformation  succeeded,  CathoHcs  were  invariabJy  persecuted, 
almost  as  atrociously  and  for  nearly  as  long  a  time,  as  in  England  and 
Ireland.     Robbery,  sacrilege,  slander,  civil  commotions  and  bloodshed, 
were  everywhere  the  arms  with  which  incipient  Protestantism  assailed 
those,  whose  only  crime  was  their  honest  wish  to  adhere  to  the  faith,  and 
worship  at  the  altars  of  their  forefathers,  and  of  the  forefathers  of  those 
very  men   too  -^ho  were  engaged  in  persecuting  them  !     Perhaps  in 
Switzerland,  an  old  Catholic  republic  with  some  remains  of  the  ancient 
CHtholic  freedom,  the  persecuting  spirit  was  less  rampant  than  elsewhere  ; 
but  even  in  Switzerland,  with  its  glowing  Catholic  memories  of  William 
Tell,  Furst,  and  Melchtal,  we  find  no  exception  to  the  remark  just  made. 
Even  there  the  fiercely  intolerant  spirit  of  the  early  reformers  was  not 
softened.     This  we  establish,  by  abundant  evidence,  in  a  special  Essay 
an  the  Reformation  in  Switzerland.' 

We  conclude  this  branch  of  the  subject  with  an  extract  from  the  Edin- 
burg  Review  -an  unexceptionable  Protestant  authority  _  which  candidly 
places  m  its  true  light  the  character  of  the  self-styled  reformer.,  in  the 
matter  of  persecution  : ' 

"  Protestant  writers,  in  general,  are  apt  to  describe  the  reformation  as 
a  struggle  for  religious  freedom.  .  .  .  Now,  we  humbly  appeS 
Ue  tree  exercise  of  private  judgment  was  most  heartily\.bl^r  e^bV   ho 
first  reformers,  except  only  where  the  persons  who  assumed  it  had    lo 

good  fortune  to  be  exactly  of  their  opinion The  martvrdoms  of 

Servetus,  in  Geneva,  and  of  Joan  Bochor,  in  Enolaarat  no  ibk 
instances  of  the  religious  freedom  which  prevailed^^  the  pu  and 
primitive  state  of  the  Protestant  churches.  It  is  obvious  aL"lfatfh« 
freedom  for  wh  cli  our  firsc  reformers  so  strenuously  criteAdUl  no' 
by  any  means.include  a  freedom  to  tliink  as  the  Catholics  ttug  t  thai 
IS  to  say,  to  think  as  all  Europe  had  thought  for  many  a-^es   and  as    h. 

UUb  iciy  day.  T/ie  complete  extirpation  of  the  Catholic  Church  not 
menlyas  a  phlic  estaUishment,  but  as  a  tolerated  sect,  was  th  LZ 
duect  oy  our  first  reformers.  In  1 5(50,  by  an  act  of  tlie  parliament,  whTc 
eslaohshed  tlie  reforn^tion  in  Scotland,  both  the  sayers  and  hearer  of 
Mass  whether  in  puohc  or  in  private,  were,  for  the  first  offmise,  to  uftbr 
rc^-ottr'n    ^^"  ^'^^'y  Soods   together  with  corporal  punishment! a   thi 

Knox  inculcated  as  a?mosn 

ment  in  the  first  instance,  and  if  the  civil  government  is  remiss,  incumbent 

1  Page  234,  seqq. 


I 


INTRODUCTORY     ADDRESS. 


19 


on  tlie  people,  to  extirpate  completely  the  opinions  and  worship  of  the 
CalholK^.  and  even  to  massacre   the   Catholics,  man,  woman,  anVch  Id 
hu{  V       ^''VfT'"""",''"*^  ^'^^  ^^^'^'^'^^  the  directions  of  the  clero-v   the 

CaUiolics  would  have   been  extirpated  by  the  sword In   the're  <    s 

of  CbaHes  he  Second,  and  of  his  brother,  a  Protestant  prelacy,  in  alK 
w.th  a  Protestant  administration,  outstript  the  wishes  of  tho/e  a Sa^ 
ZZ7^:\  ''  ''"  persecution  of  their  Protest^xnt  countrymen.  It  i^ 
needless  to  weary  ourselves  or  our  readers  with  disgiisting  details,  which 
the  curmus  m  martyrol,.gy  may  find  in  various  publications.  Everybody 
knows  tliat  the  martyrdoms  were  both  numerous  and  crue  but  nerham 
the  comparative  mildness  of  the  CafkoUc  Church  of  SoUmidirnoL 
generally  known.  Knox  has  investigated  the  matter  with  commendabl^ 
dihgence  but  has  not  been  able  to  muster  move  than  eio-htrnTartvrs 
who  perished  by  the  liand  of  the  executioner,  from  the  ySriSOO  w  fen 
heresy  farst  began,  till  1559,  when  the  Catholics  had  no  Ce    the  power 

nun.be  s.  who,  durmg  the  twenty-two  years  immediately  previous  to  the 
Revolution  were  capitally  executed  in  Scotland  for  the  'Med error  'o£ 
separation  from  the  worship  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church."  ' 

While  we  heartily  unite  with  every  lover  of  freedom  in  condemning 
all  acts  of  persecution  for  conscience  sake  which  have  ever  been  perpe- 
trated, no  matter  what  the  alleged  motive  or  pretext,  candor  will  compel 
even  our  adversaries  to  acknowledge,  that  in  the  persecution  of  Catholics 
by  Protestants,  there  were  aggravating  circumstances,  which  were  not 
found  in  die  persecution  of  the  latter  by  the  former.    Protestant  persecu- 
tionwas  purely  aggressive;  Catholic  persecution  was  mainly  defensive : 
the  former  sought  to  rob  Catholics  of  all  they  held  most  dear;  the  latter 
was  directed  chiefly  towards  maintaining  the  most  undoubted  and  most 
sacred  rights.     Catholics  were  in  possession ;  Protestants  aimed  at  violently 
ousting  them  from  their  firesides  and  their  altars,  and  taking  their  place. 
Catholics  sought  to  preserve  the  ancient  faith  and  worship,  hallowed  and 
rendered  dear  by  a  thousand  glorious  memories ;  Protestants  sought  to 
substitute  for  it,  frequently  by  violence,  new  doctrines  and  new  forms, 
about  which  they  were  not  themselves  agreed,  and  which  they  claimed 
the  right  of  changing  as  often  as  they  might  judge  proper. 
^  Waiving  all  this,  however,  let  us  strike  evenly  the  balance  of  persecu- 
tion in  the  past ;  burying  whatever  is  unpleasant  in  generous  oblivion,  and 
forgiving  as  we  hope  to  be  forgiven.     Now,  how  stands  the  account  of 
religious  persecution  at  the  present  day  ?     Is  all  the  intolerance  on  the 
side  of  Catholics  ?     Or  have  not  Protestants  at  least  their  own  full  share 
of  the  .guilt,  which  they  are  so  free  to  charge  exclusively  on  others  ?     Let 
us  see. 

The  impartial  comparison  between  Catholic  and  Protestant  countries,  on 

i  Eaiubui-ijli  Hcriew,  ArtkU-  VriT.,  vn:\>W^  "  T-lrratioi,  of  the  ncforMior*,"  No.  63. 


20 


INTRODUCTORY    ADDRESS. 


the  subject  of  persecution  in  late  years,  exhibits  a  fearful  balance  against 
the  latter.  It  may  be  stated  without  exaggeration,  that  there  is  scarcely 
a  Protestant  country  on  the  face  of  the  earth,  which  does  not  even  at  this 
enlightened  day,  persecute  Catholics,  in  one  form  or  another,  or  which  has 
not  persecuted  them  during  the  present  century ;  while  there  is,  on  the  con- 
trary, scarcely  a  Catholic  nation  in  the  world,  which  does  pei-secute,  or 
has  recently  persecuted  Protestants.  Strange  as  this  may  sound  in  the 
ears  of  those  who  have  been  misled  into  the  persuasion,  that  the  Catholic 
is  essentially  a  persecuting  Church,  and  that  we  owe  religious  freedom 
entirely  to  Protestantism,  it  is  nevertheless  true.  Here  are  the  facts  ;  and 
first  on  the  Catholic  side. 

France  is  Catholic,  and  France  not  only  grants  the  fullest  liberty  of 
worship  to  her  small  number  of  Protestant  citizens,  but  she  even  pays 
their  ministers  out  of  the  public  treasury.  Austria  is  Catholic ;  and 
Austria,  despotic  though  she  be  usually  represented,  concedes  a  full 
measure  of  religious  liberty  to  the  Protestant  minority,  allowing  them  even 
to  have  their  own  separate  schools,  supported,  like  those  of  the  Catholic 
majority,  from  the  common  fund.'  Bavaria  is  Catholic,  and  Bavaria  also 
allows  equal  civil  and  religious  privileges  to  her  Protestant  subjects. 
Belgium  is  Catholic,  and  Belgium  has  a  fundamental  law,  granting  unre- 
stricted and  equal  religious  freedom  to  all.  Italy,  Spain,  and  Portugal, 
with  perhaps  some  of  the  colonies  of  the  two  last,  may  be  thought  to  form 
exceptions  to  this  general  rule ;  but  though  their  policy  be  somewhat 
prescriptive  on  the  score  of  religion,  we  read  of  no  acts  of  persecution, 
worthy  the  name,  having  been  recently  perpetrated  therein.  In  the  first 
place,  they  evidently  could  not  have  been  guilty  of  persecuting  their 
Pittestant  citizens,  for  the  very  simple  reason  that  they  have  no  Protestant 
citizens.  If  they  are  jealous,  especially  of  English  Protestants,  who 
sometimes  pass  through  those  countries,  distributing  tracts  and  Bibles,  it 
has  generally  happened,  because  England  has  rendered  herself  justly  odious 
on  the  continent  of  Europe  by  her  constant  political  intrigues  amono-  her 
neighbors,  often  carried  on  under  the  guise  of  religious  zeal ;  and  tecauso 
her  tract  distributers  are  suspected,  frequently  Avith  too  much  reason,  of 
being  political  propagandists,  and  secret  agents  paid  for  their  services. 

The  intrigues  of  Lord  Minto  in  Italy,  and  those  of  Bulwer  and  others 
in  Spain,  are  too  well  known  to  require  proof.  One  of  the  principal  means 
employed  by  the  hired  agents  of  these  men  for  strengthening  English 
iuiiuence,  was  the  distribution  of  Bibles  and  tracts,  and  the  accompanying 


4- 


1  The  authority  fur  this  statemeut  \vUl  be  given  a  little  farther  on. 


INTRODUCTORY    ADDRESS. 


21 


4- 


efforts  to  make  proselytes  among  tlie  Catholic  inliabitants.  The  intrio-ue. 
however,  was  unsuccessful;  Bulwer  was  compelled  to  leave  Spain,  and 
Miiito  is  now  detested  iu  Iialy  as  never  was  man  detested  before.  The 
affair  of  the  Madiai,  about  which  so  great  an  outcry  was  lately  made,  may- 
be easily  explained  in  this  way.  Their  imprisonment  was  the  result  of 
their  active  attempts  at  proselylism,  as  paid  emissaries  of  England ;  not 
of  their  wish  to  profess  and  practise  religious  principles  opposed  to  those 
of  the  Catholic  majority.  It  is  a  notorious  fact,  that  in  both  Itiily  and 
Spain,  Protestant  travelers  or  temporary  residents  are  never  molested  on 
account  of  peculiarities  in  their  religious  creed  or  worship ;  provided  they, 
on  their  side,  do  not  interfere  with  the  faith  and  worship  of  the  Catholic 
population.  The  Anglican  church  and  our  American  Protestants  have 
places  of  worship  at  Rome  itself,  under  the  eyes  and  with  the  permission 
of  the  Pope  ;  who  not  only  allows  them  to  assemble  therein  for  relioious 
purposes  as  often  as  they  wish,  but  protects  them  in  the  enjoyment  of 
their  religious  freedom.  Protestants  have  similar  religious  privileo-es  in 
Tuscany,  and  elsewhere  iu  Italy,  At  Rome,  at  Florence,  at  Leghorn, 
and  in  other  places,  they  have  also  their  separate  cemeteries.  If  this  latter 
privilege  has  not  as  yet  been  granted  to  Protestant  strangers  sojournino- in 
Spain,  we  have  little  doubt  that  it  will  soon  be  conceded ;  whenever,  in 
fact,  it  Avill  be  demanded  in  a  proper  manner,  by  a  sufficient  number  of 
Protestants  to  render  a  separate  burial  place  an  object  of  importance  or 
necessity.  The  only  complaint  which  the  very  few  non-Catholics  passing 
through,  or  residing  for  a  time  in  Spain,  can  now  make  on  this  subject  is, 
that  in  case  of  death  they  are  not  buried  in  ground  expressly  set  apart  and 
blessed  for  Catholic  interment,  or  with  the  solemnities  which  usually 
accompany  the  Catholic  funeral ;  —  privileges  Avhich  they  would  scarcely 
covet,  even  in  this  free  country.  Tliose  who  make  so  much  noise  about 
Spanish  intolerance  in  the  matter  of  Protestant  funerals,  wholly  lo:<esi(>-ht 
of,  or  purposely  conceal  the  fact,  that  in  Protestant  England  —  where  ihero 
aie  a  thousand  resident  Catholic  citizens  fur  every  Protestant  slranycr  in 
Spain — Catholics  are  not  allowed  to  be  buried,  with  any  pomp  or  cere- 
monial, in  the  public  cemeteries  ;  though  these  are,  in  many  instances, 
old  Catholic  burial  grounds,  wrested  by  violence  from  their  original 
CatiioUc  purpose  by  the  English  Protestant  government !  The  Catholics 
t,C  Kugland  have  thus  much  more  reason  to  complain  on  this  subject,  than 
have  the  very  few  Protestants  who  may  happen  to  bo  for  a  time  in  Spain. 
Let  us  now  take  a  rapid  glance  at  the  Protestant  nations  of  Europe. 
In  all  of  them,  without  an  exception  known  to  us,  there  is  an  established 


22 


INTRODUCTORY    ADDRESS. 


religion,  with  a  union  of  Church  and  State.     In  tlie  freest  amongst  them 
all  —  England —  Catholics  are  barely  tolerated ;  they  are  continually  loaded 
with  obloquy  and  abuse,  and  are  frequently  made  the  victims  of  petty 
legal  enactments.     Witness  the  Ecclesiastical  Titles  Bill ;  the  late  savao-e 
outbreak  of  indignation  at  the  re-establishment  of  the  Catholic  hierarchy; 
the  bitter  prosecution  of  Dr.  Newman;  and  the  monster  grievance  of  all 
—  the  bloated  church  establishment  —  fattened  on  the  sweat  and  blood  of 
tlie  crushed  and  down-trodden  masses  of  the  people.     Protestant  Holland 
recently  persecuted  her  Catholic  subjects  to  such  an  extent,  as  to  drive 
them  into  a  rebellion,  the  residt  of  which  was  the  independence  of  Catholic 
Belgium.     Protestant  Prussia  lately  imprisoned  the  venerable  Archbishop 
of  Cologne,  to  compel  him  to  sacrifice  his  conscientious  convictions  ;  and 
Protestant  Baden  is  now  actively  engaged  in  a  similar  disgraceful  perse- 
cution of  the  venerable  Archbishop  Vicari,  of  Freyburg,  and  of  his  cleroy, 
for  the  same  unhallowed  motive.     But  the  Archbishop  of  Freybur<T  is 
destined  to  triumph  over  the   intolerant  Protestant  government  of  the 
Grand  Duke,  as  he  of  Cologne  triumphed  over  the  persecuting  Prussian 
monarch.^     In  Protestant  Sweden,  he  who  dares  become  a  Catholio  is 
banished  the  country,  and  his  property  is  confiscated  to  the  state  ;  and  we 
believe  a  similar  law  exists  in  Protestant  Denmark.     In  Sweden,  but  a 
few  year^,  ago,  the  distinguished  painter  Nilsen  suffered  the  full  penalty 
of  this  iniquitous  law ;  and  more  recently  still  several  ladies,  distinguished 
for  their  piety,  have  had  the  same  severe  sentence  passed  on  them.    Heart- 
less must  be  the  persecutor,  who  does  not  spare  even  the  weakness  of 
woman  !     Finally,  every  one  knows  bow  fiercely  the  Swiss  Protestants 
raged  against  the  Catholics,  when  the  latter  were  overpowered  by  superior 
numbers  in  the  late  civil  war,  brought  about  itself  by  the  most  reckless 
Protestant  intolerance ;  how  the  holy  Bishop  of  Lausanne  and  Geneva  was 
banished  from  his  country ;  how  the  Jesuits  were  expelled,  and  the  poor 
defenseless  nuns  were  driven  from  their  convents  ;  how  church  pj'operty 
was  confiscated,  including  even  that  of  the  benevolent  monks  of  Mount 
St.  Bernard,  who  had  saved  so  many  valuable  Protestant  lives  amidst  the 
snows  of  the  Alps  ;  and  how  an  iron  yoke  was  th.:^i  e  placed  on  the  necks 
of  the  down-trodden  Catholic  minority. 

If  there  be  a  Protestant  country  in  the  world,  ^viich  has  not  even 
recently  persecuted  Catholics,  we  have  not  yet  learned  its  name  :  and  it 
ill  becomes  our  opponents  to  charge  all  the  persecution  on  the  Catholic 

1  What  aggravates  the  hardship  of  the  persecution  in  regard  to  both  these  distinguished  Catholic 
prelates,  is  tlie  circumstance,  that  both  were  octogenarians  of  irreproacliable  character,  whose  age 
andTirtucs  should  have  protected  them  from  such  outrages. 


i. 


♦ 


INTRODUCTORY    ADDRESS. 


23 


i 


♦ 


Church.  A  persistence  in  preferring  such  an  accusation,  against  all 
evidence,  reminds  us  of  the  fable  concerning  the  wolf  and  the  lamb.  It 
was  the  lamb  who  always  muddled  the  stream  !  No  one  can  contravene 
these  facts ;  and  if  they  be  unpleasant,  we  have  at  least  the  consolation 
to  thiMk  that  we  had  no  agency  in  making  ihem  facts;  and  that  we  allege 
them  at  present  only  in  self-vindicat''^n. 

Even  in  our  own  country,  though  it  boasts  so  loudly  of  its  freedom, 
bow  often  have  Catholics  been  made  the  victims  of  religious  intolerance  ! 
Every  one  knows  the  fierce  spirit  which  is  now  invoked  against  them ; 
every  one  remembers  the  smouldering  ruins  of  the  Ursuline  Convent  on 
Mount  Benedict,  and  those  of  the  Philadelphia  Churches  burned  by  a 
savage  mob  ;  and  all  are  acquainted  with  those  more  recent  outrages 
against  our  religious  liberties  to  which  we  have  already  alluded.  We 
may  add,  that  in  some  of  our  hospitals,  alms-houses,  and  other  public 
institutions,  supported  by  the  money  of  all,  Catholics  are  often  denied, 
the  services  of  their  clergymen  and  the  consolations  of  religion,  even  at 
their  dying  hour  1 ' 

On  the  contrary,  have  Catholics  ever  persecuted,  or  have  they  ever 
shown  even  the  slightest  disposition  to  persecute,  their  dissenting  brethren 
in  this  country  ?  If  they  have,  we  desire  to  know  when  and  where  they 
made  the  attempt.  One  thing  is  certain,  —  and  no  one  can  deny  it,  or  rob 
them  of  this  glory :  —  they  were  the  first  who  reared  on  this  broad 
continent,  in  their  own  noble  colony  of  Maryland,  the  glorious  banner 
of  civil  and  religious  liberty.  All  must  award  them  this  praise  ;  which 
they  deserve  the  more,  because,  at  that  very  time,  the  Puritans  of  New 
England,  and  the  Episcopalians  of  Virginia  were  busily  engaged  in 
persecuting  their  brother  Protestants  for  conscience  sake ;  ^  and  the 
former  were  moreover  enacting  proscriptive  blue  laws,  and  hanging 
witches  I  ^ 

II.  Come  we  now  to  the  other  charge  against  Catholics  ;  — that  they 
cannot,  consistently  with  their  principles,  be  good  citizens  of  a  republican 
government.  Catholics  cannot  consistently  be  republicans  !  And  pray, 
who  originated  all  the  free  principles  which  lie  at  the  basis  of  our  own 
noble  constitution  ?  Who  gave  us  trial  by  jury,  habeas  corpus,  stationary 
courts,  and  the  principle, —  for  which  we  fought  and  conquered  in  our 
revolutionary  struggle  against  Protestant  England, —  that  taxes  are  not  to- 
be  levied  without  the  free  consent  of  those  who  pay  them  ?     Are  wo 


1  Ca^es  of  this  petty  persecution  hare  occurred  in  Cincinnati,  and  in  other  places,  particularly  ia 
the  Eastern  and  Northern  States.  2  See  Bancroft's  Uistory  —  Maryland. 

Q  For  full  deta.-!s  on  this  subject,  read  the  Essays  on  Our  Colonial  IJlue  Laws,  I',  353,  seqq. 


24 


INTRODUCTORY     ADDRESS, 


indebted  to  Protestantism  for  even  one  of  these  cardinal  elements  of  free 
government  ?  No ;  not  for  one.  They  all  date  back  to  ^he  good  old 
Catholic  times,  in  the  middle  agos  —  some  three  hundred  years  before 
the  dawn  of  the  reformation  !  Our  Catholic  forefithers  gave  them  all  to 
us  ;  not  one  of  them  do  we  owe  to  Protestants, 

Again,  we  are  indebted  to  Catholics  for  all  tlie  republics  which  ever 
exic+^d  in  Christian  times,  down  to  the  year  1776  ;  for  those  of  Switzer- 
land, Venice,  Genoa,  Andorra,  S?n  Marino,  and  a  host  of  minor  free 
commonwealths,  which  sprang  up  in  the  "dark'  ages.  Some  of  these 
republics  lingered  until  a  comparaiively  recent  date ;  some  still  exist, 
proud  monuments  and  unanswerable  evidences  of  Catholic  devotion  to 
freedom.  These  fficts  no  one  can  deny  ;  they  stand  out  too  boldly  on  tho 
historic  record.  Tbcy  are  acknowledged  by  Pjotcstants,  no  ^ess  than  by 
Catholics.  We  subjoin  the  testimony  of  an  able  writer  in  the  New  York 
Tribune,  believed  to  be  Bayard  Taylor,  who  is  connected  with  the 
management  of  that  journal.  This  disiinguished  traveler  —  a  staunch 
Protestant  —  appeals  to  history,  -uu  speaks  from  personal  observation. 
He  writes : 

*'  Truth  compels  us  to  add  that  the  oldest  republic  now  existino'  is  that 
of  San  Marino,  not  only  Catholic  but  wholly  surrounded  by  the  "especial 
dominion  of  the  Popes,  who  might  have  crushed  it  like  an  egg-shell  at 
any  time  these  last  thousand  years  —  but  they  didn't.     Tlie  onTv  ropublio 
we  ever  traveled  in  besides  our  own  is  Switzerland,  half  of  its  cantons  or 
states  entirely  Catholic,  yet  never  that  we  have  heard  of  unfaith.ful  (o  the 
cause  of  freedom.     They  were  ncnily  all  Roman  Catholics,   from    the 
southern  cantons  of  Switzerland,  whom  Austria  so  ruthlessly  expelled 
from  Lombardy  after  the  suppression  of  the  last  revolt  in  Milan,  ac- 
counting them_  natural  bom   republicans   and    revolutionists  ;    and'   wo 
suppose  Austria  is  not  a  Know-Nothing  on  this  point.     Wo  never  h.'.-ird 
the  Catholics  of  Hungary  accused  of  backwardness  in  the  late  glorious 
struj,^glo  of  their  country  for  freedom,  though  its  loaders  were  Protestants, 
fighting  against  a  loading  Cathrilic,  power  avowedly  in  favor  of  religious 
as  well  as  civil  liberty.     And  chivalri(!,  unliappy  P(dan(l,  almost  wholly 
Catholic,  has  made  as  gallant  struggles  for  ficedom  as  any  other  nation, 
while  of  ti-.o   three  despotisms  that  crushed  her  but  one  was  Catholic. 
But  onougli.     We   do   .'ot  hope  to  stop  th.e  crusade   of  intolorance   and 
violence  now  setting  against  the  Catholics,  calling  for  liieir  disfrfinchise- 
mont,  and  threatening  their  temporary  exclusion  frum  all  public  trusts. 
Epidemics  of  this  sort  must  have  their  course  ;  and  (his  one  ha-i  some" 
truth  and  a  large  amount  of  honest  bigotry  on  which  to  base  its  operations. 
Quii<'  a  iiuniber,  whose^  religion  never  till  now  diil   them  much  good  or 
harm,  will  ride  into  offico  on  tho  b«ck  of  their  rcsonaut  Protewtasilism 
and  that  will  bo  the  end  of  the  matter."  '"  '  '     ' 

Tho  reformation  dawned  on  the  world  In  the  year  1517.  What  did  it 
do  for  the  cause  of  human  freedom  from  that  date,  down  to  177G  —  when 
our  own  republic  arose?     Did  it  strike  one  blow  for  liberty  during  these 


t 


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INTRODUCTORY     -ADDRESS. 


25 


t 


two  centuries  and  a  half?  Did  it  originate  one  republican  principle,  or 
found  one  solitary  republic  ?  Not  one.  In  Germany,  whore  it  had  full 
swry,  it  ruthlessly  trampled  in  the  dust  all  the  noble  franchises  of  the 
Catholic  middle  ages ;  it  established  political  despotism  every  where  ;  it 
united  church  and  state  ;  in  a  word  it  brouglit  about  that  very  state  of 
things  which  continues  to  exist,  with  but  slight  amelioration,  even  down 
to  the  present  day.  In  England,  it  did  the  same  ;  it  broke  down  the 
bulwarks  of  the  British  constitution,  derived  from  the  Catholic  Magna 
Charta;  it  set  at  naught  popular  rights,  and  gave  to  the  king  or  queen 
unlimited  power  in  church  and  state  ;  and  it  required  a  bloody  struggle 
and  a  revolution,  one  hundred  and  fifty  years  afterwards,  to  restoro°to 
something  of  their  former  integrity  the  old  chartered  rights  of  the  British 
people.' 

Thus  Protestantism  has  boasted  much,  but  it  has  really  done  little  for 
the  cause  of  human  freedom.     But  are  we  not  at  least  indebted  to  it  for 
our  own  revolution,  and  for  the  hberties  which ..  'ias  secured  for  us?     We 
cheerfully  award  to  our  Protestant  fellow-citizens  the  praise,  which  is  so 
justly  duo  them,  for  their  share  in  the  glorious  struggle  ;  but  they  should 
also,  in  common  justice,  allow  to  Catholics  the  credit  of  having  zealously 
co-operated  with  them,  to  the  full  extent  of  their  means,  in  bringing  about 
a  result  so  o-lorious  and  so  beneficial.     He  who  was  the  most  wealthy 
among  the  signers  of  our  Declaratio:.  of  Independence,  and  who  conse- 
quently  periled  most  in   putting  his  name  to  that  instrument,  was  the 
Catholic  CuARLEs  Carroll,  of  Carrolton;  whom  I'vovideiice  permitted 
to  survive  all  his  f  jllow-patriots,  as  if  to  rebuke  the  fierce  and  anti-ropub- 
lican  spirit  of  intolerance,  which  was  so  soon  to  be  evoked  from  the 
abyss  against  his  brethren  in  religion.     Catliolic  soldiers  fought  side  by 
side  with  tlieir  Protestant  brethren  in  the  patriotic  struggle;  and  when  our 
energies  were  exhausted,  and  tlie  stoutest  hearts  entertained  the  most 
gloomy  forebodings  as  to  the  final  issue,  Catholic  Franco  stepped  gallantly 
forth  to  'i  e  rescue  of  our  infant  freedom,  almost  crushed  by  an  over- 
whelming English  Protestant  tyranny  ! '     Many  of  our  most  sagacioug 
statesmen  have  believed,  that,  but  for  tliis  timtly  aid,  our  Declaration  of 
Indepondonce  could  scarcely  have  been  made  good. 

Our  enemies  point,  with  an  air  of  ('iumph,  to  the  principlon  of 
Wasliington.  Wo  clioorfully  accept  the  appeal.  After  the  strugglo  was 
over,  anil  Washington  was  unanimously  elected  first  President  of  the 

1  For  moro  on  thli  fuhjoct,  mo  th«  R«nny  on  the  Influence  of  Catholicity  on  Cirli  Libony  r»M 

2  CuthoUu  Spuiu  alio  lubseqnootly  loot  us  her  niU  agilust  EngUna, 


26 


INTRODUCTORY    ADDRESS. 


new  ropublic,  he  received  a  congratulatory  address  from  the  Catholics  of 
the  country,  in  which  the  following  passage  is  found : 

"  This  prospect  of  national  prosperity  is  peculiarly  pleasing  to  us  on 
another  account,  because  whilst  our  country  preserves  lier  freedom  and 
independence,  we  shall  have  a  well  founded  title  to  claim  from  her  justice 
equal  riglits  of  citizenship,  as  the  price  of  our  blood  spilt  under  your 
eyes,  and  of  our  common  exertions  for  her  defense  under  your  auspicious 
conduct:  rights  rendered  more  dear  to  us  by  the  rememberance  of  former 
hardships."  ' 

To  this  portion  of  the  Address,  the  father  of  his  country  replied  as 

follows : 

«'  As  mankind  become  more  liberal,  they  will  be  more  apt  to  allow,  that 
all  those  who  conduct  themselves  as  worthy  members  of  the  community 
are  equally  entitled  to  the  protection  of  civil  government.  I  hope  ever 
to  see  America  among  the  foremost  nations  m  examples  of  justice  and 
liberality.  And  I  presume  that  your  fellow-citizens  will  not  forget  the 
patriotic  part  tohich  you  took  in  the  accomplishment  of  their  revolution,  and 
the  establishment  of  their  government ;  o>',  the  irnportant  assistance  they 
received  from  a  nation  in  which  the  Roman  Catholic  faith  is  professed."  ' 

We  ask  no  more  than  that  to  which  Washington  believed  us  justly 
entitled,  —  a  fair  share  in  the  civil  and  religious  liberties  which  our 
fathers  aided  to  secure  equally  to  all  American  citizens.  We  ask  for  no 
exclusive  privilege  whatsoever  ;  we  claim  only  our  clear  and  undoubted 
ri'>hts,  in  common  with  our  fellow-citizens. 

But  are  not  Catholics  the  subjects  of  a  foreign  prince,  the  Pope?  This 
slanJer  —  like  almost  everything  else  said  against  us  —  has  been  refuted 
so  many  thousand  times  already,  that  we  are  almost  afraid  to  tire  the 
»)atience,  or  insult  the  understanding  of  our  readers  by  answering  it 
ao-ain.  No  man  of  common  intelligence  or  information  need  be  told,  at 
this  late  day,  that  the  obedience  wo  owe  to  the  Pope  is  conlined  entirely 
to  religion  atiil  to  spiritual  things  ;  and  that  he  neither  claims,  nor  we 
allow,  any  jurisdiction  over  us  in  temporal  matters  affecting  our  civil 
allegiance.  This  question  has  been  so  long  settled  throughout  the  civilized 
world,  that  its  revival  at  present  appears  to  be  wholly  useless,  if  not 
utterly  absurd.^  When  it  was  a  question,  more  thaa  sixty  years  ago,  of 
removing  some  of  the  cruel  penal  laws  under  which  the  Catholics  of 

1  'l'h«  A  111  reus  was  nigiidl  by  liishop  ''arroH  of  naltlinnre,  on  the  part  of  the  Catholic  clergy,  and 
b)  Churli'H  <'iirroll  of  Oiirrolton,  Dfiniol  Ciirroll,  Thomas  Fii/.umnnn'i,  and  Dominic  Lynch,  on  the  pan 
of  thu  Ciithnlio  laity.  See  niographloal  Sketch  of  the  Most  llov.  John  Carroll,  by  John  Carroll 
IJrvrr  ;  p  14«,  Ml 

2  Ppiirk'H  Lif"  an.l  Writings  of  Wiishington,  vol.  xii, 

3  A«  (>:irly  si*  the  bi'ginning  of  tlie  Rcv«nte«n(li  ci'ntury,  St.  Franclg  Jo  SaleB  deprecated  the 
dlsciissiiMi  of  till*  (|«t'«tinn  on  many  acrounM.  and  amnni?  other  reasind,  becauno  he  considered  It 
"«».'•. »«,  Hlnce  the  I'oiw,  in  fnct,  iit  Ihut  day  iiskud  nothing  of  liitigH  and  prinres  in  tliic  respect — 
riK/iV.-,  piiicciiu,.  If  I'm]m'.  pur  ii' fiiit.  no  dfniandn  rit-n  .injourd'lini  nux  r<>if<  et  aux  princes  pour  ct 
regiiil.'  I.'ttor  to  a  l.ady.  Vie  du  Saint,  par  le  Cure  do  St.  Bulplce,— In  "i  voluuieB.  Vol.  U,  p. 
100  ■  1'ari.s  ISol. 


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INTRODUCTORY     ADDRESS. 


27 


England  liad  been  so  long  suffering,  this  very  question  in  regard  to  the 
nature  and  extent  of  papal  jurisdiction  was  discussed ;  and  it  was  then 
settled  to  the  entire  saiisfaction  of  Mr.  Pitt  and  of  Uie  whole  British 
parliament,  which  accordingly  passed  the  C;Uliolic  Relief  Bill.'  The 
oath  of  allegiance  freely  Uiken  by  Catholic  bishops,  and  members  of 
parliament,  and  oflicers  of  the  government  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 
with  the  sanction  of  the  Popes  themselves,  expressly  disclaims  belief  in 
any  civil  power  or  jurisdiction  over  British  subjects,  as  inherent  in  the 
sovereign  Pontiffs. 

To  prevent  all  possibility  of  misunderstanding  on  this  subject,  and  to 
remove  every  pretext  for  calumny,  the  Popes  authoi-ized  a  change  in  the 
oath  taken  by  a  Bishop  at  his  consecmtion,  striking  out  all  obscure  clauses 
of  feudal  origin,  and  retaining  those  only  which  promised  obedience  in 
spirituals.  What  more  than  this  could  be  asked  by  any  reasonable  man, 
for  the  final  settlement  of  the  question  ?  The  Catholic  bishops  of  the 
United  States,  with  the  express  sanction  of  Rome,  take  the  oath,  as 
thus  modified;  and  they  have  more  than  once  officially  declared,  both 
individually  and  in  their  collective  capacity,  their  solemn  belief  that  the 
Roman  Pontiff  has  none  but  spiritual  power  and  jurisdiction,  outside  of 
bis  own  immediate  states.  The  first  Cathohc  bishop  of  the  country  — 
the  venerable  Carroll,  of  Baltimore,' —  wrote  as  follows  on  this  subject, 
in  a  Pastoral  Letter  issued  February  22,  1797  :  * 

•'  There  would  indeed  be  a  foundation  for  the  reproach  intended  by  the 
■words  foreign  pirisdidion,  if  we  acknowledged  in  the  successor  of  St. 
Peter  any  power  or  prerogative,  which  clashed  in  the  least  degree  with 
the  duty  we  owe  to  our  country  or  its  laws.  To  our  country  we  owe 
allegiance  and  the  tender  of  our  best  services  and  property,  when  they 
are  necessary  for  its  defense  ;  to  the  Vicar  of  Christ  we  owe  obedience 
in  thini^s  purchj  sinr'Uual.  Happily,  there  is  no  oonipotition  in  their 
respective  claims  on  us,  nor  any  difhculty  in  rendering  to  both  the 
submission  which  Liicy  have  a  right  to  claim.     Our  country  commands, 

1  Mr.  Pitt  made  Inquiries  on  this  Bubject  at  the  Catholic  unive'sities  of  tho  Sorbonno,  Louvaln, 
Douay,  Alcalii,  nnd  SaluiiiiMica.     Thi'ir  iiiiswers  were  all  distinct  and  uminimous,  ii.s  fullows : 

I.  TliHt,  tlie  I'opt?  or  rurdimilg,  or  nny  body  of  men,  or  nny  individuiil  of  the  Cliurrh  of  Homo,  has 
not,  nor  liivve,  nny  civil  authority  powur,  jurisdiction,  or  preemini'noe  whatsoever,  wiihln  the  realm 
of  Cn>;lnnd. 

II.  riiiif  the  Topo.  or  onrdlnalu,  or  any  body  of  men,  or  any  Individual  of  the  Church  (^f  Home,  cannol 
alv.-'olve  or  dliipfu.'u  with  hi.i  Mnjusty's  sul^jfCts  from  thtilr  oath  of  alkgiuuee,  upou  any  pretext 
whiit^nevcr. 

Ill  Thiit  tliora  isnn  principle  In  the  tenets  of  the  Catholic  fultb,  by  which  Calhollcii  are  juitifled  in 
not  l(<'('piii|{  fiith  Willi   hcrctifs,  or  otluT  piTPons  differing  from  them  in  religious  opinioux,  In  nny 

tra!:-!i!>l!!i!:a,  l■!^h!•!•  •.;•':;  ;-.i(hU:-  ;••-  R  prlTH'r  r.=itHre 

Pie  tlie  dooiimiiitH,  at  gn-ntcr  length,  In  lluilerV  Hook  of  the  Cliurrh.  Appendix  1 ,  p.  287-8. 

8  It  uiiiy  not  he  ttoncriilly  l<nown,  that  Dr  Fniiil<iin,  wlion  udld^ter  to  France,  hnd  neveral 
confereneoji  with  th«  Nuncio  of  the  I'npe  on  tho  milij^ct  of  IrivinR  a  CiiihoHc  bislic.p  appointed  for 
Anieri<','i;  tlmt  ho  npprovivl  of  ili,.  plnn.  in  order  (liiit  Anicrioiin  ("uilmilc'  \\\\i\\t  not  In.  dependent 
on  an  Kngd^h  bishop  ;  mid  tiiiit  li«  ri)romniend»*d  for  tlic  po»i  Dr.  (.'arrnil,  hi.i  friend  «nd  comp  inlou 
tn  the  iiii-sitin  to  Cainid'i. 

8  lilogruphlcftl  Sketch,  An- , ,»«;».  nt.    1».  137-8, 


28 


INTRODUCTORY     ADDRESS. 


and  enforces  by  outward  coercion,  the  services  -which  tend  to  the 
preservation  and  defense  of  tliat  personal  security,  and  of  that  property, 
for  the  sake  of  whicli  political  societies  Avere  formed,  and  men  agrt^ed  to 
live  under  the  protection  of,  and  in  obedience  to  civil  government.  The 
Vicar  of  Christ,  as  visible  head  of  His  Church,  watches  over  the  integrity 
and  soundness  of  doctrine,  and  makes  use  of  means  and  weapons  tliac  act 
only  on  the  souls  of  men,  to  enforce  the  duties  of  religion,  ihe  purity  of 
worship,  and  ecclesiastical  discipline." 

Our  bishops,  assembled  iu  solemn  council  at  Baltimore,  have  often  pub- 
licly proclaimed  principles  identical  with  those  just  announced,  as  emanatinnf 
from  the  venerable  founder  of  our  liierarchy.  We  can  make  room  for  but 
two  extracts,  the  first  of  which  is  taken  from  a  Pastoral  Letter  issued  by 
them  in  the  sixth  provincial  council  of  Baltimore,  held  in  May,  1 846 ;  from 
which  it  will  be  seen  that  our  bishops,  in  their  collective  and  officjial 
capacity,  are  very  plain  and  explicit  in  their  declarations  on  this  very  point : 

"  The  paternal  authority  of  the  chief  Bishop  is  constantly  misrepresented 
and  assailed  by  the  adversaries  of  our  holy  religion,  especially  in  this 
country,  and  is  viewed  with  suspicion  even  by  some  Avho  acknowledge  its 
powerful  influence  in  preserving  faith  and  unity.  It  is  unnecessary  for  us 
to  tell  you,  brethren,  that  the  kingdom  of  Christ,  of  which  the  Bishop  of 
Rome,  as  successor  of  Peter,  has  I'ceoived  the  keys,  is  not  of  this  world; 
and  that  the  obedience  due  to  the  Vicar  of  the  Saviour  is  in  no  way  incon- 
sistent with  your  civil  allegiance,  your  social  duties  as  citizens,  or  your 
rio'hts  as  men.  We  can  contitlently  ajip-'al  to  the  whole  tenor  of  our  instruc- 
tions, not  only  in  our  public  addresses,  but  iu  oui'  most  confidential 
communioations  and  you  can  boarwifness  tiiat  we  have  always  taught 
you  to  render  to  C;es:ir  the  things  which  are  Ctesar's,  to  God  tlie  ihiiigs 
which  are  God's.  Be  nut,  tii<'ii,  lie^'dful  of  the  misrcpivsentatioiis  of 
foolish  men,  who,  unable  to  combat  the  evidences  of  onr'faiih,  seek  to 
excite  unjust  prejudice  against  th;i!  auiliority  wliich  has  iilways  proved  its 
firmest  support.  Couliuue  to  practise  justice  and  charity  towards  all  your 
fellow-caizens —  resp.'ci  i1m>  ni;igi>traii's  —  observe  the  laws  —  shun  tumult 
and  disorder,  as  free,  and  not  as  having  liberty  as  a  cloak  for  mahco,  but 
as  the  servants  of  God.  You,  brethren,  have  been  called  unto  liberty: 
only  make  not  liberty  an  o(!casioii  to  the  flesh,  but  by  charity  of  the  spirit, 
serve  one  another.  '  Fur  all  the  law  is  fuUilled  in  one  word  :  Thou  slialt 
love  thy  neight)or  as  thyself.  Tlius  you  will  put  to  shame  the  calumnia- 
tors of  our  holy  faith,  and  vindicate  it  more  ett'ectually,  than  by  any  abstract 
profession  or  disclaimer." 

But  there  is  another  declaration,  made  by  the  bishops  who  composed 
the  fifth  council  of  Baltimore,  held  iu  May,  1813,  which  has  even  m(»ro 
wei'dit  in  settling  this  question  ;  because  it  occurs  in  an  ofiicial  Lellcr 
addressed  to  the  Pope  by  the  assembled  American  prelates.  The 
Ponlitf,  far  from  being  ofiended  at  so  oxplieit  a  disavowal  by  the 
American  bishops  of  all  papal  authority  and  jurisdiction  in  merely  civil 
matters,  says  in  his  official  answer:  "Your  letter  was  most  pleasing  to 
and  ho   praises  the   zeal  of  our  prelates.     Here  is  the  extract 


us  ; 


>>  I 


{ 

i 


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1  Uratisaiuiio  Nobis  fuera  Vviitrae,   LitoraOt 


INTRODUCTORY    ADDRESS. 


n 


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i 


J. 


alluded  to  ;  —  tlie  bishops  are  speaking  of  the  efforts  made  by  our  enemies 
to  put  down  the  Church  in  this  country  : 

"  They  spread  doubtful  rumors  against  us  amon'f^  the  people  ;  with 
untiring  efl'urts,  they  circulate  among'the  ignorant  and  uninformed  books, 
whicli  calumniate  our  most  holy  religion  ;  they  leave  no  moans  unti'ied 
to  infect  with  their  errors  their  Catholic  servants  ;  and  .  .  .  altliough  our 
forefathers  poured  out  their  blood  like  water  for  the  defense  of  our 
libenics  against  a  rroicstant  oppressoi-,  they  yet  seek  to  render  us,  their 
fellow  citizens,  suspected  by,  and  odious  to  the  government,  by  falsely 
asserlinri^  that  ive  are  reduced  to  servitude  under  the  civil  and  political 
jurisdiction  of  a  foreign  prince,  namely  of  the  Roman  Pontiff,  and  that  loe 
are  therefore  unfaithful  to  the  republic  !  "  ' 

But  did  not  the  Popes  formerly  claim  the  right  of  deposing  princes,  and 
of  absolving  their  subjects  from  the  oath  of  allegiance  ?  They  certainly 
did  ;  !;nd  so  did  we  claim  the  same  right,  when  we  deposed  George  ill., 
and  declared  ourselves  "absolved"  from  our  oath  of  allegiance  to  him  : 
and  as  our  claim  was  assuredly  nothing  against  liberty,  but  all  for  liberty, 
so  was  also  that  of  the  Popes.  In  every  instance  of  its  exercise,  known 
to  us,  the  Popes  struck  a  blow  at  tyranny,  and  one,  at  the  same  time,  for 
the  security  and  liberty  of  an  oppressed  people.  Instead  of  blaming, 
we  should  rather  applaud  them,  for  thus  keeping  alive,  amidst  political 
darkness  and  confusion,  that  spark  of  popular  liberty,  which  Avas  destined, 
a  little  later,  to  illumine  the  political  horizon  of  Europe.  That  the  friends 
of  European  monarchs  should  object  to  this  papal  ckiim,  we  can  readily 
understand,  because  its  exercise  was  necessarily  directed  against  their 
tyranny ;  but  wo  cannot  so  easily  exphiin  the  opposition  to  it  manifesled 
by  our  modern  advocates  of  free  principles.  Yet  the  monarchists  of 
Europe,  along  wiili  Mr.  Pitt,  have  long  since  been  fully  satisfied  on  tliis 
point;  whereas  our  shrewder  republicans  have  just  begun  to  open  their 
eyes  to  the  awful  danger  to  our  fioodom  growing  ou^  of  a  claim,  no 
longer  advanced  even  by  the  Popes  themselves  ! 

Having  in  the  following  pages  devoted  a  special  Essay  to  the  examina- 
tion of  the  historical  facts  connected  with  the  first  exercise  of  the  deposing 
power  by  a  Roman  Pontiff,  wo  must  refer  our  readers  to  it  for  full  details 
on  the  subject.^  Suffice  it  to  say  here,  that  the  circumstances  under  which 
this  extraordinary  power  was  first  claimed  having  long  since  ceased,  the 

1  'Dublns  contra  nos  in  vuIrus  voces  spargunt,  libros  qui  caliimninntur  RnnctlfPlirnra  nostr.im 
rellRioiwin  omul  ulsu  apu'l  rudos  Ignarosqiio  divulgant ;  soryoi  giios  Cathollcos  hoirei'uir.  Ruurum 
Tfucno  ut  Inficiant  nihil  intactum  rdlnqunnt  ;  patri'unjne  puum  qui  ob  initio  mcuditx  fuil  iinitiuifi  g, 
nos  ('at)iolico8  conciyo!<  suoii,  qaamvis  patros  nostri  sangainom  xaum  tanqiiam  nqiiiiin  profniioriut 
pro  TlndicBt lone  libcrtnti!!  contra  oppregsorem  acutliclicuui,  gubernlo  puspi'ctoa  obnoxiosque  ri'ddiTO, 
litpote,  ut  fulso  BBserunt,  sub  aiieui  principiri,  I'ontlflois  so.  Uomnni  ditione  poiitica  ot  civlli  iu 
Mj-Titutfiu  redaetos.  idvoiiuu  roipubllcic  iuflJo^."    ('ounllia  Daltlinor..  p.  2J3. 

'2  Svo  .\rticlo  Villi  Givgory  Vll.  and  liis  Agu— tUu  Uupotlog  t'owcr,  l>.  15i  suqq. 


30 


INTRODUCTORY    ADDRESS. 


Popes  Lave,  for  nearly  three  centuries,  virtually  abandoned  tlie  claim,  by 
makinf'  no  attempt  at  its  exercise. 

With  a  view  to  show  that  the  influence  of  the  Catholic  Church  tends 
to  debase  its  members,  our  adversaries  direct  attention  to  the  material 
condition  of  those  countries  which  have  continued  faithful  to  the  ancient 
religion,  and  upon  which  the  light  of  the  retormation  has  never  dawned. 
Thrse,  they  say,  are  very  far  inferior  to  the  neighboring  Protestant 
communities  in  thrift,  in  literature,  in  morals,  in  liberty,  and  especially 
in  material  and  social  improvement ;  and  this  inferiority  they  trace  to  the 
difference  of  religious  influence.    We  answer,  by  denying  both  the  fact 
as  stated,  and  the  inference  thence  drawn.    Abundant  evidence  can  bo 
alleged  to  show,  that,  if  in  some  respects  Protestant  are  superior  to 
Catholic  nations,  in  others  the  latter  far  surpass  the  former ;  and  that,  in 
both  cases,  a  difference  of  religious  principles  has  much  less  to  do  with 
tlie  matter  than  is  commonly  believed  by  those  opposed  to  Catholicity. 
As,  however,  we  devote  six  articles  in  the  following  collection  to  a 
somewhat  deUiiled  comparison  of  the  two  classes  of  countries  in  question, 
we  will  be  excused  fi-om  entering  at  present  into  the  investigation ; 
content  with  referring  those  who  may  be  curious  to  examine  the  evidence, 
as  furnished  even  by  impartial  Protestant  writers,  to  those  papers.^ 

To  those,  again,  who  are  in  the  habit  of  pointing,  with  a  sneer,  to  the 
comparatively  degraded  condition  of  Mexico  and  South  America,  as  a 
natural  consequence  of  the  Catholic  religion  there  professed,  we  would 
beo-  to  observe,  that  the  masses  of  the  population  in  Spanish  and  Portu- 
crucse  America  are  either  of  pure  Indian  descent,  or  of  mixed  races  ;  and 
Umt  consequently,  it  is  manifestly  unreasonable  to  expect  them  to  have 
ailained  to  the  same  elevated  social  level  as  ourselves,  who  belong  to  tlxe 
much  boasted  and  loudly  boasting  Anglo-Saxon  stock  ! '     As  well  might 
we  expect  to  find  our  own  high  degree  of  civilization  in  the  descendants 
of  our  North  American  Indians !     There  is  this  important  difference 
between  our  policy  and  that  of  our  Catholic  neighbors,  in  regard  to  the 
treatment  of  the  aboriginal  inhabitants  of  this  continent;  that,  whereas  we 
have  r  ztorminated  them  or  driven  them  out  into  the  wilderness,  they,  on 
the  contrary,  have  settled  down  in  their  midst,  intermarried  with  them, 
tanoht  them  Christianity,  and  thus  sought  to  raise  them  up  in  the  social 
scale,  even  at  the  expense  of  lowering  themselves.     While  they  have 
met  the  aborigines  ^lulf-way,  and  have  been  content  to  occupy  with  them 

1  Entitled -Catholic  nn.l  ProteMnnl  Countrlc-P.  45.,  r-qq.    In  these  articles  our  rca.oulng 
RTul  illii-'iriii'ti'i  iir.'  b:i.-<'4  eirM;!l.v  oil  I'rorc.'*  nut  tvniinoiiy. 
•Z  Nut  unmix.  J,  l.ow.  vcr  ;  for  wc  have  a  ^U-ovi  iufiuLa  of  the  (MUr  hlocl. 


INTRODUCTORY    ADDRESS. 


m 


a  middle  ground  between  a  high  and  a  low  level  of  civilization,  we, 
wrapped  up  in  our  inborn  complacency,  and  vaunting  our  high  social 
position  as  the  necessary  result  of  our  "Anglo-Saxon  blood,"   have 
looked  with  contempt  upon  the  poor  savages  whom  our  fathers  found  in 
the  country,  — much  as  the  proud  Pharisee  looked  down  upon  the  poor 
publican,— have  disdained  all  sympathy  for,  or  alliance  wim  them,  and 
have  caused  them  to  melt  away  before  our  advancing  and  excluslvo 
civilization,  as  the  snow  melts  away  before  the  solar  rays  !     The  com- 
parison between  us  and  our  Catholic  neighbors  may  excite  our  compla- 
cency, and  flatter  our  pride  ;  it  says  but  little  for  our  humanity,  and  less 
still  for  our  religious  zeal  or  Christian  charity.     Our  Protestant  fellow 
citizens  would  do  well  never  to  vaunt  their  superiority  over  their  Mexican 
and  South  American  brethren  ! '     American  Catholics,  on  the  contrary, 
Lave  reason  to  be  proud  of  the  Catholic  colonists  who  explored  and 
peopled  our  continent.^ 

To  awaken  suspicion  against  the  Catholic  priesthood,  the  public  prints 
have  long  been  circulating  among  the  people  the  extraordinary  assertion, 
that  Lafayette  warned  American  patriots  against  priestly  influence  in  the 
following  language  :  "If  ever  the  liberty  of  the  United  States  is  destroyed, 
it  will  bo  by  Romish  priests."  The  fact  of  such  a  declaration  coming 
from  one  who  was  a  Catholic  himself,  if  he  was  anything,  bears  the  stamp 
of  improbability,  if  not  of  downright  absurdity  on  its  very  face  ;  yet;  it 
passed  current  for  truth,  and  was,  we  think,  generally  believed  by  the 
masses,  who  are  prepared  to  devour  a.iy  absurdity,  provided  it  militate 
against  Catholics  !  Now  what  will  the  impartial  public  think,  when  it  is 
ascertained,  that  this  charge,  like  most  others  which  have  been  lately 
circulated  in  the  country  to  our  disadvantage,  is  not  only  utterly 
groundless,  but  is  directly  the  reverse  of  truth  I 

It  makes  the  French  patriot  say,  in  fact,  directly  the  opposite  of  what 
lie  did  say  !  Here  is  the  extract  from  his  letter  to  a  Protestant  gentleman 
in  New  York,  written  from  Paris  in  1829,  shortly  after  his  return  from 
liis  visit  to  the  United  States;  which  letter  no  doubt  gave  occasion  for 
concocting  the  calumny:  ^ 

"  The  friendly  expressions  of  regard  for  my  health  and  happinoss 
convoyed  in  your  kind  lelter  to  me  of  the  15th  uliinio,  I  bog  yuu  lo  by 
assured,  arc  gratcfui  to  my  feelings ;  and  I  shall  cherish  the  recollection 
of  the  many  services  and  kindnesses  towards  me,  on  the  part  of  both 
yourself  and  lady,  while  I  was  your  guest  in  America,  as  among  the 

1  Wo  treat  tlil«  guljiPt  in  full  in  our  Kovicw  of  \Vt'b«(t'r's  Hunker  Hill  Siipcch  ;  P,  3"3,  ^eqq. 

2  For  ninrp  on  tlie  nulijcct  fm  the  two  papers  revii>\viii(?  I'ru?eotfg  Comnu'st  of  Mexico,  l>.  260, 
Seqq.;  and  the  lUren  iiriii-Ics  on  h'lirlv  C'ltlio'.ii;  Misnions  in  tlm  Novth  Wvii.  V,  'J'J3.  sefjri. 

3  PuWishtJ  lu  tiiu  Ciiiciiiniitl  Inquirer,  aii^l  otliur  JouiiiiiU. 


32 


INTRODUCTORY    ADDRESS. 


most  pleasiiiiT  rominisences  connected  with  mtr  w       •  -. 

Stales I  eanuot  but  adi.Irevour  n ohlr^    f • '  '^'''^  ^'^   "^<^  ^'^'^^d 

attachment  to  your  -ountrvand  i's'ln    ih^l       '''^''1'^'  ^^  devotion  and 
to   assure  j-ou  that  the  fca,^;  i  e    t  ^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

c.Ue,.au,        tluU  ./...;.  M.//^,,,/,);,^^'^^^^  you  seem  to 

6elr^  Honmh  priest.,  -are  c.ytUyZ^^^^^^^^^^^  ^^  destroyed,  it  will 

whatever.     An  mtimate  a<.p,aintancl  o    mo  /      ^V'  r^'  ^^  ^"^""^^^^■^" 
-e  prcnnnent  and  intlue.uial  priests  and  niembers  o     '       n.  '"'f"7  ^^''^^^ 
^K^VMKi  and  AnK-rica,   Avarrants    me    in      .  ''''^' ^''"'■"^'' ^'^^J' ^'n 

entertaia  no  apprehension  of  dan^-er  to  vmn  ?'"'"/?•  ^'*'''.'    ^^^'^'^  >'^^i   »^^ed 
that  (iuartcr."  °  '  '^'^  ^""'  I'^pubhcan  institutions  fro,u 

Cut  we  are  farther  told,  that  Catholics  in  this  courtrv  stan.l  oT    r  r 
their  Protesfflnf  f«n^«.    v  ,  ''*  ^o"'' try  stand  aloof  from 

intu  X  loiestant  tellow-citizens,  and  form  n  viVh,on 

not  uui.e,  at  least  cordial^,  with  ti.e  rest  of  .„o    „"  „  '  ,'  '  ^'' 

out  „u,.  .,.™of  co™„o„  .,.00,3 ;  ana  t,.at  ^ ZZ^Z:::^ 

I.  If  t,,o  o,.argc  of  o-ar  forming  «  separate  commnnity.  wit,,  semrafe 

fee,inq-s  and  interests  rf>Ccr  t^  ^,        i-  ■  ■'  sepaiate 

»  mte.ests,  refer  to  our  re,,g,ous  organization  and  Brincinles 

we  n,us  p,ead  gn.lty ;  it  is  surely  not  our  fa„,t.  but  our  privi,te      1^;; 

on  re„g,„us  matters  with  such  of  our  fe„ow-ci,i.en3  as  heiot  e  ,,e  .^ 
no  ve,,,,„us  communion  whatever,  or  are  members  of  the  values  coflc 

ng  sec  s  winch  exist  among  us.     We  cheerfully  allow  to  ther  1  e  r  ^ 
of  thinkmg  and  acting  for  themselfes  in  matte,-,  „f      r  '."'"' 

—tion   and  they  should  surely  grant'm    ^^Z.:^ 
veniam  petmnis,  damusque  vicissim      Tu;.      •  -i         ,     ^^«om— Hanc 

-->•  p-d  to  ui  as  rropos!';::  Co^z:r:-^::: 

the  r,sht  of  walking,  as  our  forefathers,  as  well  as  the  ancestors  oZ 
accusers  themseh.es  walked,  and  wont  to  heaven,  for  iiftce     Lmdrd 
years,  before  the  world  was  blessed  or  cursed  with  this  BabeH  k    coX 
sion  of  tongues  in  the  matter  of  religion. 

If  tho  accusation  be  meant  to  imnlv    that  w.  „,.„ 
comnrunity,  and  that,  as  citizens  we  Ine'f  .      "''  ^^'''""'  ""'' 

-----.we  repel  t,::;::;^^^^^^^^^ 
-:;;:rri;:r^L:™r=^ 

o-is  free  government .  Uhey  nobly  Sttr^s^:™:^^^^^ 
tliey  are  as  wdlm.i.  to  shed  tlieir  blood  in  i^s  c'-fp-  -         r     • 

read  in  our  ohurcl '     '        "''     """"«  ''•^•^•"'"  -"'P^-'-^  ^y  Archbi.Lop  Carroll,  is  frociue.Uly 


i 


INTRODUCTORY     ADDRESS. 


33 


i 


proportion  —  is  composed  of  Roman  Calholio  soldiers  ;  a  large  number 
of  ti.e  sailors  and  marines,  attached  to  our  young  but  vigorous  navy, 
are  also  Catholics;  and  our  chief  officers  in  both  arms  of  the^service  have 
often  praised  their  fidelity  to  our  flag,  and  their  unfaltering  courage  in  the 
hour  of  danger.  In  every  battle-field  of  our  country,—  in  the  t^'wo  wars 
against  Protestant  England,  as  well  as  in  the  late  war  against  Catholic 
Mexico,  —  Catholics  have  freely  bled,  by  the  side  of  their  Protestant 
fellow  citizens,  for  the  honor  and  triumph  of  our  country. 

After  the  death  of  General  Washington,  bishop  Carroll  pronounced  a 
splendid  eulogy  on  his  character,  in  the  cathedral  of  Baltimore  ;  •  and 
after  the  battle  of  New  Orleans,  General  Jackson  was  received  in  triumph 
in  the  Catholic  cathedral,  the  laurel  garland  of  victory,  woven  by  Catholic 
hands,  was  placed  on  his  brow  by  a  Catholic  priest ;  and  the  noble  hero 
might  be  seen  weeping  with  joyful  emotion,  as  he  listened  and  responded 
to  the  eloquent  and  patriotic  address  delivered  on  the  occasion  by  the 
Rev.  M,  Dubourg.  In  a  beautiful  address  delivered  in  Washington  by 
Mr.  Livingston,  on  the  anniversary  of  the  battle  of  New  Orleans,  the 
distinguished  orator  feelingly  alluded  to  the  pavement  of  the  church 
being  worn  by  the  holy  knees  of  the  Ursuline  nuns,  praying  fervently 
that  victory  might  perch  on  the  American  banner,  and  drawing  from  the 
feast  of  the  day—  that  of  St.  Victoria  — an  omen  of  success!  We 
repeat  it,  the  charge,  understood  in  this  sense,  is  a  base  calumny. 

2.  But  we  a:e  not  friendly  to  the  common  schools.  Our  answer  is 
at  hand.  Let  the  Protestant  majority,  in  this  free  country,  make  those 
8cho':>lr.  not  to  wound  the  religious  feelings,  nor  endano-er  the 

religious  fa',  ^ur  children,  and  then  may  they,  with  some  show  of 

reason,  tauni  .vim  not  cheerfully  uniting  in  patronizing  them.  Let 
them  remove  from  them  all  sectarian  books,  all  sectarian  influences,  all 
teachers  who  abuse  their  position  for  purposes  of  proselytism  ;  let  them 
not  force  upon  our  children  the  reading  of  a  version  of  the  Bible,  which, 
in  common  with  four-fifths  of  Christendom,  we  consider  neither  a  genuine 
nor  a  complete  rendering  of  the  divine  word  :'  — and  then  they  will  make 
It  not  only  our  interest,  but  our  pleasure  to  unite  with  them  in  supporlinr-' 
the  common  schools.  It  will  be  our  interest;  for,  in  common  with  our 
fellow  citizens,  we  pay  our  taxes  for  the  erection  and  maintenance  of 

1  This  solid  and  noble  orfttiou  is  putlialied  in  full  in  the  "  Hiogrr.phical  Sketch  of  Archbishop 
Carroll,"  above  quoted,  loS,  geqq.  The  panegyric,  by  one  who  knew  so  well  the  Father  <if  hia 
•ountry,  produced  a  profound  sensation  at  the  time  it  was  delivered. 

2  And  in  which  a  committee  of  Protestant  minbters,  lately  assembled  in  New  York  for  the 
purpose  of  preparing  a  revised  edition  of  the  Bible,  discoTored  no  less  than  tweuty-four  thousand 
errors  of  translation  I 


u 


INTRODUCTORY     ADDRESS. 


those  schools ;  and  if  we  do  not  pati-onize  them,  we  liave  to  incur  the 
enormous  additional  expense  of  erecting  separate  schools  for  our  own 
children,  and  are  thus  double  taxed  for  educational  purposes.  The 
motive  which  would  prompt  us  to  make  sd  great  a  sacrifice  must  be 
indeed  a  very  strong  one  ;  and  it  is  really  we  who  have  the  best  right  to 
complain,  not  the  Protestant  majority  which  enforces  such  a  hardship 
upon  us.  If  we  could  conscientiously  do  it,  we  have  every  possible 
motive  to  patronize  the  common  schools ;  but  we  hold  that  it  is  better 
far  to  suffer  any  earthly  loss,  rather  than  to  jeopardize  our  faith  or  tliat 
of  our  children.  Life  is  short,  eternity  never  ending  ;  and  "  what  doth 
it  profit  a  man,  if  he  gain  the  whole  world,  and  lose  his  own  soul?"  ' 

In  countries  much  less  free  than  ours,  the  common   school  system 
is  80  organized,  that  Catholics  and  Protestants  have  separate  schools. 
Austria,  with  all  her  alleged  tyranny,  and  with  her  triumphant  Catholic 
majority  of  population,  freely  grants  separate  schools,  supported  out  of 
the  common  fund,  to  the  Protestant  minority .=     England,  with  all  her 
hereditary  hatred  of  Catholicity,  permits  the  Catholics  to  have  their  own 
separate  schools ;  and  this  is  not  found  to  conflict  in  practice  with  her 
common   school   system.     Lower   Canada,  with   its  immense    Catholic 
majority,  freely  concedes  the  privilege  of  separate  schools  to  the  small 
Protestant  minority ;  and  every  one  who  reads  the  public  prints  must  be 
familiar  with  tlie  controversy,  which  is  now  carried  on  in  Canada,  and 
even  in  the  Canadian  parliament,  on  the  s\ibject  of  having  this  same 
aquiUble  provision  extended,  in  all  its  privileges,  to  the  Catholic  minority  of 
Upper  Canada.    Strange,  that  Catholics,  when  in  power,  should  be  so  liberal 
in  granting  a  privilege,  which  a  Protestant  majority  is  so  slow  to  concede!* 
Why  should  the  freest  country  on  the  face  of  the  earth  form  an  excep- 
tion, and  be  in  fact  the  most  exacting  and  tyrannical  of  all,  in  this  matter 
of  education  ?     Can  it  be,  that  the  immense  Protestant  majority  in  this 
country  is  apprehensive  of  the  influence,  which,  in  the  case  of  this  equi- 
table provision  being  adopted,  would  be  exercised  by  the  small  Catholic 
minority  ?     Or  are  they  afraid  of  entering  the  lists  of  free  competition  with 
their  Catholic  fellow-citizens  ?    While  all  other  pursuits  are  left  open  to 
honest  emulation,  and  the  rivalry  does  good  to  all,  why  should  education 
alone  be  trairmeled,  by  being  made  a  st^itc  monopoly  ? 


1  St.  Matthew  xvi. 
2  See  Articio  11.  on  Catholic  and  ProtcBtant  Countries,  for  the  Protestant  authority  sustamiiif 
this  assertion.  lufra.  P.  485,Beqq.  We  b'jlieve  that  this  is  also,  at  least  sub.stantiall.",  the  case  in 
Oathol'e  Tiavaiia,  as  well  as  in  Catholic  France  and  Belgium  ;  at  any  rate  we  hear  of  no  complainM 
made  by  Protestants  on  the  subject,  in  regard  to  these  or  other  Catholic  countries,  where  ProtestanU 
«Kiflt  as  a  resident  body.  3  See  late  Canadian  papurs,  passim. 


INTRODUCTORY    ADDRESS 


^5 


<j 


We  „o  pemuded.  that  the  provision  for  separate  schools  ^ould  greati, 
promote  the  pemaneney  and  prosperity  of  the  oommon  sehool  system 
.tself.     It  would  destroy  a„  odious  restriction  on  paren  W  rights,  it  would 
awaken  a  new  energy  m  the  cause  of  education,  it  would  open  new  field, 
for  generous  nvalry,  and,  above  all,  it  would  «nder  education  much 
cheaper,  and  thereby  lighten  timt  heavy  burden  of  taxation  which  is  now 
Jglnng  us  down     It  is  a  generally  conceded  fact,  that  OatI,o]ics  can 
educa  e  more  cheaply  than  Protestants;  and  this  may  be  one  reason  why 
ti.e  latter  a,^  not  willing  to  hazard  a  f,ee  competition  with  the  former 
Grant  ^paratc  schools,  and  our  word  for  it,  you  will  not  have  to  pay  much 
more  than  half  the  taxes  you  have  been  in  the  habit  of  disbursing  fo, 
educafona   purposes.    While  we  cheerfully  submit  to  be  guided  by  the 
F.nc,ple  of  taxing  the  rich  in  order  to  educate  the  poor.  _  since  under  our 
present  circumstances,  it  seems  to  be  the  only  pntcticable  means  for  effect- 
.ng  an  object  so  desirable, -we  natumlly  object,  in  common  with  all 
.mpart,aland  sensible  men,  to  any  excessive  or  unnecessary  taxation  ' 

In  Cathohc  times,  no  taxation  whatever  was  necessary  for  educational 
purposes  especially  for  the  education  of  the  poor.  Under  the  i„fl„e„«e 
of  Cathohc  chanty  and  zeal  for  education,  colleges  and  schools  sprang 
up  spontaneously  in  every  part  of  Europe.  These  schools  were  ™b  i„ 
every  sense  of  the  word  ;  no  one  was  taxed  to  erect  U,em.  no  one  ha<i  to 
pay  for  entering  them.'  The  first  college,  the  first  schools,  and  the  first 
hospital  ever  established  on  the  North  American  continent,  were  erected 
by  Caa,o hcs..  I„  all  countries  and  in  all  ages.  Catholics,  and  par- 
ticularly the  Catholic  clergy,  have  been  foremost  in  advancing  the  cauae 
of  popular  education.' 

It  would  be  a  subject  of  very  useful  inqriiy.  whether  our  common 
echool  system,  as  at  present  managed,  be  really  conducive  to  a  hi.h 
tone  of  refinement,  and  to  the  development  of  sound  morals,  in  the  youth 
educated  under  its  auspices.  It  is  a  Christian  principle,  of  pretty  general 
acceptance,  that  human  nature  is  corrupt  and  more  prone  to  evil  than  to 
good;  and  that  consequently  tl,e  religion  of  Christ  is  indispensably 
necessary  for  healing  its  evil  tendency  and  causing  it  to  walk  in  the  path 
of  virtue.    The  theory,  which  makes  morality  practicable,  or  even 

corporations.  ^  maiTiduaJs ,  and  the  eame  may  be  eaM  of  works  carried  on  by 

2  See,  for  details  the  Article  on  Schools  and  Universities  in  the  -  Dark  "  A«s  P  liq  « 

3  See  the  Articles  on  Catholic  Missions  in  th*  N«rH,  w    V  I-   Vi       ^    '       "^'  ^**^'^ 
papers  on  the  Conquest  of  Mexico  :  sup  dt  * '  *''''  ^'*'""'  ^^  ^^>  "^ll"    >^'«o  »»« 

4  See  tlie  Article  -  Literature  and  the  Catholic  Ckriry  P  96     R.a.1  ai.«  .^,    r     . 

and  the  Arts  in  the  MidOJe  Ages ;  P.  77,  ae^^  *''®  ^^'""^  °°  I^itcratore 


36 


INTR  0  D-U  C  T  ORT    ADDRESS. 


possible,  without  religion,  is  evidently  more  Pagan  than  Christiai>.  If 
this  be  so,  how  can  the  children  educated  in  our  common  schools  b« 
properly  trained  to  sound  morality,  without  a  course  of  religious  instruction, 
which  the  system  excludes  ?  To  say,  that  sufficient  reliirious  knowledge 
for  the  purpose  may  be  imparted,  without  what  is  called  Sectarian 
teaching,  seems  to  us  wholly  preposterous.  To  be  adequate,  uhe  religious 
instruction  should  be  detailed  and  practical,  not  general,  vague,  and 
theoretical;  but  the  latter  only  can  be  compatible  with  our  present  school 
system,  while  the  former  could  scarcely  be  carried  out  without  trenchin<r 
on  forbidden  ground.  But  let  us  look  at  the  practical  influence  of  the 
system,  as  exhibited  in  the  general  moral  conduct  of  the  youth  educated 
in  our  common  schools.  Do  these,  in  general,  show,  by  their  moral 
deportment,  that  they  have  been  propei-ly  trained  ?  Have  they  been 
taught  politeness,  respect  for  age,  obedience  to  parents,  morality  in 
thought,  word,  and  deed  ?  We  fear  not.  Our  youth  are  growing  more 
and  more  licentious  and  demoralized,  with  each  succeeding  generation  ; 
our  boys  particularly  become  men  before  they  are  half  grown;  they  have 
learned  all  else  better,  than  the  art  of  governing  their  passions.  Th® 
late  fearful  increase  of  crime,  especially  in  our  cities  and  towns,  is  a  sad 
proof  of  this  increasing  demoralization.  To  what  an  abyss  of  vice  ar^ 
we  hastening !     There  must  be  something  sadly  wrong  somewhere. 

3.  But  Catholics,  especially  those  of  foreign  birth,  vote  together,  auc> 
vote  for  a  particular  political  party :  the  liberties  of  our  country  ar« 
therefore  endangered  from  this  constantly  augmenting  foreign  influence. 
This  charge  is  groundless,  both  in  its  facts  and  in  its  inferences.  In  the 
first  place,  our  native  born  Catholics  have  been  heretofore  divided,  almost 
equally,  between  the  two  leading  political  panics  of  the  country ;  in  the 
second  place,  though  the  large  majority  of  the  Catholics  of  foreign  birth 
have  been  in  the  habit  of  voting  with  the  democrats,  yet  they  have  been 
far  from  unanimous  on  the  subject ;  in  the  third  place,  the  number  of 
Catholics  in  this  country  is  now,  and  is  likely  to  continue  to  be,  much  too 
insignificant  to  rule  the  country  in  one  way  or  another,  either  for  good  or 
for  evil. 

The  following  candid  and  sensible  remarks  from  the  Boston  Post,  a 
political  print  of  some  standing,  contains  so  much  sound  reasoning  on 
tlvis  subject,  based  upon  facts  tending  to  show  the  glaring  absurdity  of 
the  charge  that  "foreigners  are  taking  the  country,"  that  we  will  bo 
pardoned  for  republishing  them  entire  : 

"  It  is  said  that  we  shall  be  overrun  with  foreigners ;  that  they  will 
rise  upon  native  citizens  and  overpower  them  ;  that  Catholicism  will  prevail 


I. 


I 


♦- 


INTRODUCTORY     ADDRESS. 


37 


I 


and  df^pvlve  America  of  its  liberties.  These  assertions  have  been  reiterated 
80  ofen  that  tliousaiuls  really  fear  such  results.  Take  the  former 
apprehension,  and  let  facts,  so  far  as  tliey  bear  on  the  question  of 
physical  force,  say  how  groundless  that  fear  is.  In  the  first  place,  for 
the  whole  time  we  have  been  a  nation,  it  is  a  fact  that  no  such  attempt 
lias  been  made  ;  and  if  it  ever  should  be  made,  such  is  the  admirable 
working  of  our  institutions,  that  the  rule  of  a  mob  is  utterly  out  of  the 
question.  Permanent  success,  even  where  the  foreign  population  out- 
weighs the  native  population,  is  an  impossibility  ;  fur  the  whole  force  of 
the  country  would  at  once  be  invoked  to  suppress  such  a  rule.  In  the 
next  place,  consider  the  utter  folly,  want  of  foresight,  and  suicidal 
policy  of  such  ar  attempt,  if  it  should  ever  be  made.  Of  our  now  thirty 
millions  of  population  one  million'  only  are  from  Ireland  :  of  the  thirty- 
eight  thousand  churches  that  the  census  of  1850  sliows  as  being  in  the 
country,  the  Catholic  are  set  down  at  one  thousand  two  hundred  and 
twenty-one  ;  and  of  the  eighty-seven  millions  of  church  property,  the 
Catholics  have  nine  millions.  Now,  cannot  this  immense  preponderance 
of  Protestantism  and  of  Americanism  take  care  of  itself?  Is  it  not  perfectly 
preposterous  to  suppose  for  a  moment  that  the  Irish  Catholics  will  ever 
attempt  to  'rise,'  as  the  phrase  is,  with  such  an  enormous  disparity 
against  them  ?  It  is  due,  it  is  but  bare  justice,  to  our  foreign  population 
to  say,  that  not  only  has  there  been  no  attempt  at  rising,  but  their  conduct 
—  save  only  in  cases  when  heated  by  liquor  or  otherwise  excited — has 
been  almost  invariably  that  of  peaceable  citizens,  submissive  to  the  laws. 
They  have  a  right  to  have  such  a  certificate,  as  to  the  past,  to  stand  in  their 
favor;  and  when  we  consider  their  position  among  us,  we  believe  there  is 

*  than  there  is  of  the  falling  of  the  stars." 


no  more  danger  of  their 


rismg 


Much  has  been  said  and  written  of  late  years  about  the  "  foreign  vote." 
Both  parties,  on  the  eve  of  elections,  have  been  in  the  habit  of  courtinr»- 
"foreigners;"  who  have  thus,  against  their  own  choice  and  will,  been 
singled  out  from  the  rest  of  the  community,  and  placed  in  a  false  and 
odious  position,  by  political  demagogues  for  their  own  vile  purposes. 
That  they  have  been  thus  severed  from  their  fellow  citizens,  and  insulted 
with  the  compliment  of  their  influence  as  a  separate  body,  has  not  been 
so  much  their  fault,  as  it  has  been  their  misfortune.  From  the  successful 
party  they  have  generally  received,  —  with  a  few  honorable  exceptions — 
little  but  coldness  a/ier  the  electio^i ;  while  from  the  party  defeated,  they 
have  mvariably  received  nothing  but  abuse  and  calumny.  So  they  have 
been,  without  their  own  agency,  placed  between  two  fires,  and  have  been 
caressed  and  outraged  by  turns.  Any  appeal  made  to  them  by  politicians, 
in  their  character  of  religionists  or  foreigners,  and  not  in  that  of  American 
citizens,  is  manifestly  an  insult,  whether  so  intended  or  not;  and  we  trust 
that  Catholics  will  always  view  such  appeals  in  this  light.  Whenever  it 
is  question  of  state  policy,  they  can  have  no  interests  different  from 
those  of  their  fellow  citizens.  The  laws  which  will  be  good  for  the  latter, 
will  be  good  for  them ;  at  least  they  can  live  under  any  system  of  equal 

1  The  number  is  probably  greater ;  but  this  does  tot  affect  the  argument. 


38 


INTRODUCTORY    ADDRESS 


legislation  which  will  suit  the   Protestant  majority,  with  whom  thej 
cheerfully  share  all  the  burdens  of  the  country. 

The  Catholic  bishops  and  clergy  of  the  country  have  discreetly  stood 
aloof,  and  wisely  abstained  from  exercising  any  influence  in  the  exciting 
political  contests  which  have  successively  arisen.     We  ourselves,  thou^rh 
to  the  manor  born,  have  never  even  voted  on  a  political  question ;  and 
we  believe  that  most  of  our  brother  prelates  and  clergy  have  adopted  the 
same  prudent  precaution  ;  not  surely  through  any  want  of  interest  in  the 
country,  but  chiefly  wi^h  a  view  to  remove  from  the  enemies  of  our 
Church  the  slightest  pretext  for  slandering  our  religious  character.     The 
only  influence,  we  have  sought  to  bring  to  bear  on  the  members  of  our 
communion,  has  been  invariably  in  the  interests  of  peace,  of  order,  and 
of  charity  for  all  men,  even  for  our  most  bitter  enemies.     Whenever  we 
have  had  occasion  to  address  our  people  on  the  eve  of  elections,  we  have 
counseled  them  to  avoid  all  violence,  to  beware  of  being  carried  away  by 
•passion,  to  be  temperate,  to  respect  the  feelings  and  principles  of  their 
opponents  ;  and,  in  the  exercise  of  their  francliise  as  citizens,  to  vote 
consciantiously  for  the  men  and  measures  they  might  think  most  likely  to 
advance  the  real  and  permanent  interests  of  the  republic.     We  defy  any 
one  to  prove,  that  wo  have  ever  attempted  to  e.Tercise  any  other  influence 
than  this.     The  contrary  has  been  occasionally  asserted  by  unprincipled 
demagogues,  for  political  effect ;  but  the  accusation,  like  many  others  made 
in  the  heat  of  political  contests,  has  in  everv  instance  turned  out  to  bo  a 
grievous  slander;  which  was  scarcely  believed  at  the  time,  even  by  those 
who  were  most  busy  in  giving  it  circulation. 

Never  since  the  foundation  of  the  republic  has  it  been  heard  of,  that 
the  Catholic  bishops  or  clergy  have  taken  an  active  part  in  conducting 
the  proceedings  of  political  conventions,  or  in  fomenting  political  excite- 
ment, in  the  name  of  the  religion  of  peace  and  love.  Tiiey  are  not,  and 
never  have  been,  either  abolitionists  oy  freesoilors,  ultraists  or  poh'iioo- 
religious  alarmists.  Nor  have  tiiey  ever  ventured,  either  collectively  or 
individually,  to  address  huge  remonstrances  to  congress,  threatening 
vengeance  in  the  name  of  Almighty  God,  unloss  certain  parficuL-Tr 
measures  were  passed  or  repealed  !  Never  have  they  been  hoard 
brawling  in  the  public  streets  and  highways,  haranguing  in  violent 
kiiguage  the  already  excited  populace,  lashing  their  passions  into  fury, 
and  openly  exciting  them  to  deeds  of  mob  violence  and  bloodshed  ! 
Never  have  they  been  know  to  parade  the  Bible  in  noisy  political 
prooossions,  thus  prostituting  the  holy  book,  which   breathes  nau-rht  but 


I 

I 


mmatmmmml^lUl 


INTKODUCTORY     ADDRESS. 


39 


t 

i 


peace  and  good  will  towards  all  men,  to  the  vile  purposes  of  political 
faction  and  sectarian  strife  1  Ministers  of  other  denominations  have  done, 
or  countenanced  all  these  things  ;  and  we  cheerfully  leave  to  them  all  the 
glory,  whether  religious  or  political,  which  they  can  possibly  derive  from 
such  a  line  of  conduct.' 

Catholics  of  foreign  birth  are  charged,  in  the  same  breath,  with  voting 
the  democratic  ticket,  and  with  being  the  secret  or  open  enemies  of 
republican  government!  Is  L  then  true,  that  a  man  cannot  be  a 
democrat,  without  being  a  traitor  to  his  country  ?  If  so,  then  have  tlie 
destinies  of  this  great  republic  been  ruled,  with  very  slight  intermission, 
for  nearly  thirty  years  by  an  organized  band  of  traitors,  consisting  of  tU 
vast  majority  of  our  population  !  Catholics  can  well  afford  to  be  traitors 
in  such  goodly  company.  We  are  no  politicians  ourselves,  and,  so  far 
as  we  have  had  any  political  leaning,  they  have  heretofore  been  to  the 
policy  of  the  whigs ;  but,  in  common  with  every  man  of  sound  judgment 
and  liberal  mind,  we  reprobate  the  spirit,  which  would  thus  inconsistently* 
and  absurdly  brand  the  advocates  of  different  principles  as  enemies  of  the 
country  and  of  all  liberty.  The  genius  of  our  noble  constitution  is  in 
favor  of  allowing  to  every  man  the  largestliberty  of  opinion  in  matters  of 
Elate  policy,  without  his  thereby  incurring  the  risk  of  having  his  motives 
questioned  <  his  loyalty  impeached.  If  any  charge  could  be  consistontlv 
made  or  sustained  against  this  large  portion  of  our  Catholic  population, 
it  wonld  be,  on  the  contrary,  that  they  have  been  generally  in  favor  of 
too  enlarged  a  liberty,  to  tally  with  the  views  of  those  who  profess  K> 
belong  to  the  conservative  school  ;  but  to  charge  them  with  an  intention 
lo  undermine  our  republic,  is  simply  an  absurdity,  as  glaring  as  it  i» 
malicious. 

Tliose  who  are  loudest  in  their  donunciaiiuii.s  of  "  foreigners"  suom  to 
forget  what  "foreigners"  have  done  for  the  country.  They  have  filled 
our  army  and  navy  ;  they  have  fought  our  battles  ;  they  have  leveled  our 
foi-ests,  peopled  our  vast  unoccupied  territory,  and  tilled  our  cities  with 
operatives  and  mechanics;  they  have  dug  our  canals,  built  our  turnpikes 
and  ruih'uads,  and  have  thus  promoted,  more  perhaps  than  any  other  class, 
till!  injprovement  of  the  country  and  the  development  of  its  vast  resources; 
i:i  a  word,  they  have,  ineverv  wav.  larL'-olv  contributed  low.ird.><pnl..'infin,r 

1  It  l.t  iiiRO  w«ll  lui(i>vn  timt.  partlruliirl.v  during  Mm  )«(«  til«K!tioii»,  I'roi«»tniit  uiluisfpis  took  an 
•M'tire  piirt  in  tlio  niiiTii''^.  In  KcToriil  iii'tiiiucs,  tln'.v  wit«  <  von  Cftn.lldilt'*  for  nfflrc.  nti'l  in 
»oni»<  (iftH'K -Ireful.  It  Is  they,  nnd  not  thi»  Cuthollm,  who  Iibtb  tliun  RttflmptmJ  to  nilngl«i  rnliBlou 
Willi  poliilcfi ;  luid  If  ovi-r  tlicrc  ho  biouiclif  Rli.mt  u  union  of  CIhiitIi  nnd  Htaite  In  tlii,<  rppulillc.  If 
Mill  Furfl)  not  bfl  noconipllKlifd  »iy  ChHkHcs,  Imf  liy  thouc  pi-wpinHly  wl)o  arpforcmogtln  tlu»  rriii«.id<» 
nuiiimt  tlienil  Let  thi'  lovir*  of  fnadoni  loi.lt  lo  if  In  Hum!  ihi'  l'rot«iUut  iuliiliit«n  ui«} ,  K 
fill  I,  be  Kuld  lo  lio  at  the  limid  nf  dm  iiliuiUiim  |)nrt>  in  th«  north. 


40 


INTRODUCTORY     ADDRESS. 


the  weaUh  and  increasing-  tlie  prosperity  of  the  republic.  Do  tliey  deserve 
nothing  but  bitter  denunciation  and  unsparing-  invective  for  all  these 
services  ?  Are  they  to  be  branded  as  aliens  and  traitors,  for  having  thus 
eftectually  labored  to  serve  their  adopted  country  ? 

But  they  are  foreigners  in  feeling  and  in  interest,  and  they  still  prefer 
their  own  nationality  to  ours.     We  answer  first,  that  if  this  their  alloo-ed 
feeling  be  excessive,  and  if  it  tend  to  diminish  their  love  for  the  country 
of  their  adoption,  it  is  cert^iinly  in  so  far  reprehensible  ;  but  where  is  the 
evidence  that  this  is  the  case  ?     Has  their  lingering  love  for  the  country 
of  their  birth, -with  its  glowing  memories  of  early  childhood  and  ripen- 
ing  manhood,  of  a  mother's  care  and  a  sister's  love, -interfered  in  au-ht 
with  their  new  class  of  duties  as  American  citizens  ?     Has  it  prevented 
their  sharing  cheerfully  in  the  burdens,  in  the  labors,  and  in  the  perils  of 
the  country  ?     We  believe  not.     Instead  of  their  being  unconcerned  and 
mdiflferent,  their  chief  fault,  in  the  eyes  of  their  enemies,  lies  precisely  in 
the  opposite, -in  their  taking  too  ranch  interest  in  the  affairs  of  tho 
republic.     We  answer,  in  the  second  place,  that  this  natural  feeli,.-  of 
love  for  the  country  of  their  birth,  growing  as  it  does  out  of  that  cherished 
and  honorable  sentiment  which  we  denom..ate  patriotism,  will,  in  the  very 
nature  of  things,  gradually  diminish  under  the  influence  of  new  as^oeia 
lions,  until  it  will  finally  be  absorbed  into  the  one  homogeneous  nationalitv- 
and  thus  the  evil  -  if  it  be  an  evil  -  will  remedy  iiself.     The  only  thinc^ 
which  can  possibly  keep  it  alive  for  any  considerable  time,  would  be 
precisely  the  narrow  and  pros.u-iptive  policy,  adopted  in  regard  to  citizen-, 
of  foreign  birth  by  the  Know  Nothings  and  their  sympathizers.     The 
ondoavor  to  stifle  this  feeling  by  clamor  and  violence  will  but  increase  its 
intensity. 

We  answer  thirdly,  that  the  influence  of  Catholicity  tend,  strongly 
to  break  down  all  barriers  of  separate  nationalities,  and  to  brinrr  about 
a  brotherhood  of  citizens,  in  whidi  the  love  of  our  common  country  and 
of  one    another   would  absorb  every  sectional    feeling.     Catholicity  is 
of  no  nation,  of  no  langunge,  of  no  people;  slie  knows  no  j,^eo<rrnphieal 
bounds;  she  breaks  down  all  the  walls  of  separation  between  mce  and 
race,  and  she  looks  alike  upon  every  people,  and  tribe,  and  caste.    Her  views 
arc  as  enlarged  as  tho  territory  which  she  inhabits  ;  and  this  is  as  wide  as 
tho  World.     Jew  and  gentile,  Greek  and  barbarian;  Irish,  German,  French, 
English,  and  American,  are  all  alike  to  her.     In  this  country,  to  which 
people  of  so  many  nations  have  flocked  for  shelter  against  the  evils  they 
.Midured  at  homo,  wo  have  a  striking  illustrathm  of  this  truly  Cutholio 


i 


t 


:: 


INTRODUCTORY     ADDRESS. 


41 


i 


t 


; 


spirit  of  the  Church.     Germans.  Irish,  French,  Itahans,  Spaniards,  Pole.^ 
Hungarians,  Hollanders,  Belgians,  English,  Scotch,  and  Welch  ;  differing 
in  language,  in  national  customs,  in  prejudices.  —  in  every  thing  human! 
—  are  here  brought  together  in  the  same  Cimrch,  professing  the  sami 
faith,  and  worshiping  like  brothers  at  the  same  altars  !     The  evident  ten- 
dency of  this  principle  is,  to  level  all  sectional  feelings  and  local  prejudices, 
by  enlarging  the  views  of  mankind,  and  thus  to  bring  about  harmony  in 
society,  based  upon  mutual  forbearance  and  charity.     And  in  fact,  sJ  fai- 
as  the  influence  of  our  Church  could  be  brought  to  bear  upon  the  anomalous 
condition  of  society  in  America,  it  has  been  exercised  for  securing  the 
desirable  result  of  causing  all  its  heterogeneous  elements  to  be  me^rged 
in  the  one  variegated,  but  homogeneous  nationality.    Protestantism  isoktes 
and  divides ;  Catholicity  brings  together  and  unites.     Such  have  been  the 
results  of  the  two  systems  in  times  past;  such,  from  their  very  nature, 
must  be  their  influence  on  society  at  all  times  and  in  all  places. 

The  character  of  the  foreign  immigration  into  this  country  has  been 
undergoing  a  considerable  change  within  the  last  few  years;  the  German 
element  now  strongly  predominates  over   the  Irish,  and  perhaps    the 
Protestant  and  infidel,  over  the   Catholic.     Tlie  disastrous  issue  of    the 
revolutionary  movements  which  convulsed  all  Europe  in   1848-9,   has 
thrown  upon  our  shores  masses  of  foreign  political  refugees,  most  of 
whom  are  infidels  in  religion, and  red  republicans,  or  destructionists  of  all 
social  order,  in  pulilics.     The  greatest,  and,  in  fact,  the  only  real  danger 
to  the  permanency  of  our  republican  institutions,  is   to  be  apprehended 
from  this  fast  increasing  class  of  foreigners,  compov'd  in  general,  of 
men  of  desperate  character  and  fortune, —of  outlaws  from  society,  with 
the  brand  of  infidelity  upon  their  brow.     Against  the  anarchical  principles 
advocated  by  these  men  the  Catholic  Church  takes  open  ground  ;  and  she 
feels  honored  by  their  bitter  hostility.     It  could   not  bo  otherwise.     Her 
principles  are  eminently  conservative  in  all  questions  of  religiun  and  of 
civil  polity  ;  theirs  are  radical  and  destructive  in  both.     Theirs  is  the  old 
war  of  Satan  against  Christ ;  of  the  sons  of  Belial  against  the  keepers  of 
the  law  ;  of  false  and  anti-social  against  true  and  rational  liberty —  "  tJjo 
liberty  of  the  glory  of  the  children  of  God." 

If  the  lately  organized  secret  political  association  warred  aiTaJnst  the 
pernicious  principles  maintained  by  such  foreigners  as  these,  wo  would 
not  only  have  no  cause  to  complain,  but  wo  would  rather  applaud  ihoir 
patriot i.>  ein.rts  in  the  cause  of  true  freedom,  and  bid  them  God  speed.  But 
what  is  our  astonishment  to  find,  that  our  boasted  advocates  of  "Ameiican 


42 


INTRODUCTORT    ADDRESS. 


principles,"  instead  of  opposing,  secretly  or  openly  syrapathizo  with  thesa 
sworn  enemies  of  all  religion  and  of  all  social  order  —  of  God  and  man  ; 
as  well  as  with  the  reckless  and  blood-stained  Irish  Orangemen  I     Say 
what  you  will,  their  eflforts  are  directed  almost  solely  against  the  Catholic 
element  in  the  foreign  immigration,  and  chiefly  against  the  Irish  Catholics. 
Their  professions  are  belied  by  their  acts,  all  of  which  point  to  Catholicity, 
as  the  victim  whose  ruin  is  to  be  accomplished,  at  all  hazards,  in  this 
free  and  republican  country.     Wiiat  else  is  indicated  by  the  bloody  riots 
gotten  up  by  hired  street  brawlers  against  the  Irish  Catholics  ;  what  else 
by  the  wrecking  and  burning  of  Catholic  churches  ?     If  the  true  policy 
of  the  country  demands  a  revision  or  repeal  of  the  naturalization  laws,  then 
bring  about  this  result  by  fair,  consistent,  and  honorable  means;  set  about  it 
in  an  open  and  manly  manner,  as  men,  as  Americans,  as  Christians,  not 
as  cowards  fearing  the  light  of  day,  and  skulking  beneath  the  cover  of 
darkness.     If  a  new  policy  in  regard  to  foreign  immigrants  is  to  be 
adopted,  or  if  even  the  alien  and  sedition  laws  are  to  be  re-enacted,  let 
the  country  know  your  purpose  in  time,  that  all  the  true  lovers  of  freedom 
may  be  prepared  for  the  issue. 

But  the  Irish  immigrants  are  vicious  and  immoral.     That  a  portion  of 

them  have  their  faults,  —  grievous  and  glaring  faults, —  we  do  not  deny  ; 

but  all  fair  and  impartial  men  will  admit,  that  the  charge  made  against 

them  as  a  body  is  atrociously  unjust.     They  have  their  faults,  which  are 

paraded  and  greatly  exaggerated  by  the  public  press  ;  but  they  have  also 

their  virtues,  which  are  studiously  kept  out  of  view.     They  have  their 

faults  ;  but  have  not  the  corresponding  classes  in  our  own  population  their 

vices  also,  as  great,  if  not  greater  than  those  of  the  class  which  is  now 

singled  out  as  the  victims  of  a  virtuous  public  indignation  ?  '     They  have 

their  vices,  but  these  are  often  faults  of  the  head  more  than  of  the  heart, 

of  imprudence  and  thoughtlessness,  more  than  of  deliberate  desio-n  and 

malice.     If  you   look   for   the   accomplished  forger,  the   cold-blooded 

midnight  assassin  or  murderer,  the  daring  burglar,  the  man  who  goes 

always  armed  with  the  destructive  bowie-knife  or  revolver,  ready  for 

any  deed  of  blood,  you  will,  in  general,  have   to  seek  elsewhere  than 

among  the  class  of  Irish  immigrants,  whom  you  so  fiercely  denounce. 

The  Irishman's  vices  are  generally  the  result  of  intemperance,  or  of 
ti!C  suucisn  heat  of  passjosi,  sometimes  arouscu  by  outrages  upon  hii 

1  nesldeg,  Is  no  allowance  to  l)«  mmle  for  tlifm,  \n  coMpqnence  of  thiit  Rrlnding  opprennlon  with 
wiilcti  rrofpstiinf  Kiigliiml  hun  rrmheJ  thorn  fivr  oenturies  ?  We  doubt  much  whether  anj  oihej 
penple  would  have  stood  up  so  wuM  under  a  tyranny  bo  drtadful  ttud  so  long  continued.  Si»  tbt 
Article  — Ireland  and  the  Irish,  p.  COO  — «up.  cit. 


INTRODUCTORY    ADDRESS. 


48 


•oimtry  or  religion ;  he  is  easily  misled  by  evil  associates,  but  his  heart 
ife  generally  in  the  right  place.  You  can  accomplish  everythmg  with  him 
by  mildness  nd  persuasion ;  you  can  do  nothing  by  overbearing  harsh- 
ness and  reckless  insult.  The  Irishman  has  no  concealment  in  his 
character ;  what  he  is,  he  is  openly  and  before  the  whole  world ;  and 
this  circumstance,  together  with  the  deadly  hatred  which  has  been  lately 
awakened  against  his  countrymen  in  this  land  of  boasted  freedom,  may 
aid  us  in  accounting  for  the  singular  fact,  that  so  many  Irish  are  arrested 
for  real  or  alleged  crimes,  whereas  so  many  of  our  natives,  equally  or 
more  guilty,  are  permitted  to  go  free  !  A  riot  occurs  in  one  of  our  cities  ; 
the  Irish  get  the  worst  of  it;  thoy  are  overpowered  by  superior  numbers, 
are  beaten  and  murdered ;  and  in  the  end  it  turns  out,  that  all  those 
arrested  are  from  the  injured  and  outraged  party  themselves !  The 
really  guilty  go  free,  the  comparatively  innocent  are  punished  by  the 
arm  of  the  law. 

Those  among  them  who  fall  into  crime  have  been  already,  in  most 
instances,  estranged  from  their  Church  by  the  influence  of  dangerous 
associations,  often  with  the  depraved  portion  of  our  own  native  population. 
They  go  not  to  the  Church  ;  they  hear  or  heed  not  the  voice  of  their 
pastors ;  thoy  do  not  approach  the  sacraments ;  th.ey  are  Catholics  only 
in  name,  if  even  they  reta'-  the  name.  Whose  fault  is  it,  that  thoy  arc 
thus  estranged  and  corrupted  ?  Not  surely  the  fault  of  the  Church, 
which  seeks  to  reclaim  and  to  save  them.  How  can  the  pastors  of  the 
Church  be  held  responsible  for  the  misconduct  of  those  who  will  not  even 
hear  their  voice,  or  consent  to  be  brought  under  the  saving  influence  of 
the  religion  which  they  inculcate  ?  Of  all  the  charges  which  have  been 
lately  made  against  the  Catholic  Church,  the  most  glaringly  unjust  is 
that,  which  ascribes  the  immorality  of  a  certain  class,  amongst  those  who 
may  still  call  themselves  Catholics,  to  the  disastrous  influence  which  she 
exercises  over  their  minds.  These  unfortunate  men  are  thus  seduced  into 
habits  of  crime  by  evil  influences  acting  entirely  outside  the  Church,  and 
then  their  crimes  are  laid  at  the  door  of  the  Church  itself,  which  they 
have  been  induced  practically  to  abandon  !  Was  there  over  iniquity 
greater  than  this  ? 

The  Church  weeps,  like  a  tender  mother,  over  the  sins  of  her  children  ; 
siio  employs  every  kind  and  tender  influence  to  win  them  back  to  virtue  ; 
she  goes  after  them  in  their  wanderings,  as  the  Good  Shepherd  after  the 
strayed  sheep  ;  she  has  no  word  of  reproach  or  railing  to  frighten  thorn 
farther  away  from  the  fold  ;  with  earnest  and  unfaltering  love,  she  sock* 


44 


INTRODUCTORY     i^DDRESS. 


to  reclaim  them  from  their  errors;  no  poverty,  no  misery  however  squalid 
or  loathsome,  no  disease  hov,ever  infectious  deters  her  from  persuing  her 
cherished  work  of  mercy  :  and  if  she  succeeds  in  her  mission,  her  heart 
overflows  with  unspeakable  joy  and  gladness,  and  she  bears  them  back 
with   maternal  affection  to  her  sanctuary,  and  lays  them  tenderly  and 
joyously  at  the  foot  of  her  altars,  as  noble  trophies  of  her  labor  of  love. 
Her  ministers  labor  day  and  night  for  the  spiritual  welfare  of  thoir  people  ; 
they  wear  out  their  health,  and  grow  prematurely  old  in  assiduous  toil 
among  the  poor  and  lowly;  they  often  lay  down  their  lives  for  tli.ir 
flocks.     And  if  their  zeal  is  not  always  crowned  with  success,  if  scandals 
still  abound,  in  spite  of  their  exertions  to  promote  virtue,  the  unfortunate 
result  is  surely  not  owing  to  their  foult,  because  clearly  beyond  their 
control. 

The  Church  fails  not  at  all  times  earnestly  to  inculcate  on  her  children  the 
duty  of  being  good  citizens  of  this  republic,  and  of  sincerely  loving,  and 
praying  for  all  their  fellow-citiaens,  even  those  who  hate  and  revil/them. 
She  often  addresses  them  in  language  similar  to  that,  which  was  lately 
employed  by  one  of  our  first  prelates  in  age,  learning,  piety,  and  station,- 
Dr.  Kennck,  the  Archbishop  of  Baltimore,  -  the  first  episcopal  see  in  the 
country.     We  cannot  better  conclude  this  Address  than  with  an  extract 
from  his  recent  Pastoral  Letter;  and  we  are  quite  sure  ti,at  every  bishop 
every  priest,  and  every  layman  of  our  Church  in  this  country  will  cheer- 
fully subscribe  to  every  sentiment  and  to  every  word  therein  contained  ; 

"  We  take  this  occasion  brethren,  to  recommend  to  your  most  earnest 
prayers  the  peace,  prosperity,  and  happiness  of  these  United  Sates  and 
of  all  our  fellow-ciUzens,  Itis  notourprovince.  aspastors  of  tl^  C  i"  f 
to  meddle  with  political  interests:  but  it  is  our  dutv  to  ovhorf  v  > „  V  ' 

tiuue  faithful  to  the  constitution  and  ^.<ZZ{::^^^:::  "^Z 
he  happiness  to  live,  obedient  to  the  laws,  respectful  to  al  ^    e  civil 

ye  ^  And  be    0  a   aid  S'tll     f'  '"^'  '  '^  ^"^  J"^^'««  '■'^''  ^^^'^'^  -^^ 
ye.     Ana  be  not  atiaid  of  their  fear,  and  be  not  troubled      But  s-iiwUfv 

ihe  Lord  Christ  in  your  hearts.'     Pursue,  then,  the  peaceful  tToi 
jndustry.  regardless  of  pohtical  partizanship';  shun  the  u  e  ofhlx^Jc^^  i    . 
quors;  avoid  secret  socie.ies;  practise  /our  religion  ;  teacl   it  to  you 
e  it^ii.^      ""VI  opportunity  to  perform  kind^ffiios  towards    -o 

m,  >«mlK  V-?      V    V^Pfi'fa^yfromsconesofdH.i™!-,-  (rum 


1  ' 


ff 


t 


pour  out  your  hearts  in  prayer,  that  God  may  tui 


II  awai 


1 » 


INTRODUCTORY     A L DRESS. 


45 


Ills  angxn-  and  m  he  day  of  His  just  vislULi,.n  may  rcnember  me,-cv 
Implore  Ilim  to  roheve  ou.  country  from  pestiIence^vluc^no^  si  .ew,' 
he  land  with  victims,  firm  the  disorders  of  the  elements  which  '0^; 
n-or  and  destruction,  -  but.  above  all,  from  the  maddenin.ri  fl  e  fc^  o 
tltTr  <  ''''\^rT^-  Ask  Him  to  continue  and  perpetuate  those 
free  instiutions  which  liave  hitherto  united  in  social  brotherhood  and 
concord  the  milhons  of  men  of  various  nations  and  creeds   tlafmmH. 

.iU.  one  ,,ean  .„d  „,o„.,4lorify  SS  t^Hl^Jt;  tlZTZ 


'V 


1 

'*3 


CONTENTS. 


rRirAcB, 


INRODUCTORY  ADDRESS. 
An  intolerant  spirit  invoked  against  Catholics— Bigotry  an  implacable  monster— The  danger  of 
fosteriD"  the  mob  spirit— Features  in  the  present  anti-Catholic  crusade- -Cruel  treatment  of  a 
Catholic  priest— Our  adversaries  yirtually  yielding  us  the  victory  in  fair  argument— Their  numerous 
inconsistencies— The  Newark  outrage— The  manliness  of  the  American  character— Whence  danger 
is  to  be  apprehended  to  the  Republic-The  "bats  and  the  eagles"— Hoping  for  better  things— The 
accusations  against  us-Is  the  Catholic  Church  intolerant?— Or  uncharitable?— Latitudinarianism, 
not  charity- Principles  of  the  Church  in  regard  to  persecution- lias  she  ever  persecuted  as  a 
Church?— Th'rd  canon  of  Laterau— The  Inquisition— John  IIuss— Catholic  and  Protestant  perse- 
cution since  the  reformation— Intolerance  in  America— Who  originated  it,  and  who  gave  the  first 
example  of  toleration  ?— Parallel  between  Catholic  and  Protestant  countries  in  the  matter  of 
persecution— Are  Catholics  the  enemies  of  republican  government  ?— What  Catholicity  and  Pro- 
testantism have  done  for  human  liberty-Charles  Carroll  of  Carrolton— Washington  and  the 
Catholics— The  temporal  power  of  the  Popes— Declarations  of  Archbishop  Carroll  and  the  American 
liisLoDS— Letter  to  the  Pope— Are  American  Catholics  a  separate  community  ?— Archbishop  Carroll 
and  Bishop  Dubourg— Foreigners— What  they  have  done  for  the  country—"  The  foreign  vote" 
—Foreign  radicals  and  infidels— The  naturalization  laws— The  common  school  system— What  the 
CatholioChurchsays  to  her  members -Her  efforts  to  promote  peace  and  order— Her  charity  for 
all  mankind— ArchbUhop  Kenrick'g  Pastoral. xvli 

I.  CHURCH  HISTORY.- THE  EARLY  AGES. 

Palma  and  Palmer  as  historians— Rome  and  Oxford— Gratuitous  assertions— Promises  of  Christ  in 
fevor  of  the  Church— Essential  and  Non-essential  doctrines— Bishop  WUiitingham— Puseyism— 
Palmer's  division— Purity  of  early  church— The  Age  of  persecution— Donatists— Striking  avowal- 
Peter  in  Rome -The  "Thundering  Legion"— Dt4Ci>;ina  arcant— Testimonies  of  Swnts  Ignatius 
and  Justin  on  Holy  Kucharist— Case?  of  Popes  Victor  and  Stephen— The  Primacy-St.  Iraeneua— 
The  Cross  of  Constantine— Early  heresies— Church  of  Rome-Stc  '  of  Liberius  and  of  Honorius  T. 
—Monastic  Life- Holy  Virginity— Nestorius— St.  Cyril  of  Alexandria— St.  Patrick— Eariy  British 
churchv'B— Primitive  Irish  churohes-St.  Simeon  Stylites— "Rank  Popery"— Early  "abuses  and 
corruptions"— Wisdom  of  the  Church— The  Seventh  and  Eighth  General  Councils.  17 

11.    CHURCH  HISTORY.— THE  MIDDLE  AGES. 

A  different  division  suggested- Triumphs  of  the  Church  over  barbarism- Missionaries  sent  by  Rome 
—The  Ages  of  Faith— Auricular  Confession— Testimonies  of  TertuUian  and  St.  Cyprian— Necta- 
rius  and  the  Penitentiary— I'useyite  view  of  the  Holy  Eucharist— Paschasius  and  lUdbert  and 
Berengarius— Temporal  autliority  of  the  Pope  and  Bishops— Decretals  of  Isidore— Prerogatives  of 
the  Roman  Pontiffs-Pope  Julius  I.-Oreek  Schism— Order  of  pre-eminence —Michael  Cerulariug 
—Shaving  the  beard— The  Nicene  Canons— Edifying  incident  of  St.  Anselm- Modern  Anglic  a 
parsons-Vision  of  "  Roman  attempts  at  usurpatiou"-Have  the  promises  of  Christ  failed  ?-Th« 
Roman  Primacy  acknowledged  by  the  early  OrtckOhurch-Aud  atCoureils  of  Lyons  and  Florence 
—When  was  the  doctrine  of  the  Primacy  defined  ?— Purgatory— Transubstantiation—Indulgenc'tt 
—Protestant  Indulgences  -Penitential  works-Repudiating  the  debt— The  Ro.sary— "  The  pure  and 
holy  One"— Temporal  power  of  the  Pope— Us  influence  on  civilization.  37 

III.    CHURCH  IIISTOUY.- SINCE  THE  REFORMATION 

Necessity  of  calm  Impartiality— Protestant  and  Catholic  views  of  Reformation— Wickliffe  and  Hubs— 
Oriental  languag-es— Foreign  and  British  reformation— Luther  and  Corlostadt— Curious  anachrou- 
Ism— Luther  and  Episcopacy— Anglican  branch  of  tlie  rcformiUion-'' Scruples  of  Ut-nry  VIII."— 
a'he  new  Gospel   light— The  Anglican  Pope— RoyiU  pierogativo  preaommaat— Cromwell  Vicar 


CONTENTS. 

General-Base  servility  of  flrt.t  Anglican  Bishops-Fisher  and  Moore-Burning  rroteotants  ana 

Catholics— Palmer's  theory  of  Anglican  reformaMon  examined— Downright  tyranny— Trait  of  noble 
independence-Edward  VI.-Married  clergy— Improve7nentsot  Anglican  liturgy— Return  to  unity 
under  Mary-Bull  of  St.  Pius  V.-IIenry's  diTorco-Ueformafion  in  Ireland-IIow  the  Anglican 
rH'irch  yia.!, persecutedin  Ireland-Dr.  Lingard's  testimony  and  proofs-Anglican  saints- Itidley— 
Macaulay's  portrait  of  Cranmer-A  parallel-Infidelity  of  Protestant  origin-Anglican  infidels- 
Suppression  of  Anglican  convocation-Church  and  state— Where  Voltaire  lear°ned  infidelity- 
Infidels  in  Protestant  Europe-French  clergy  during  the  RcTolution— Did  the  French  Revolution 
malce  any  JProtMfant  martyrs?— Conclusion, g_ 


IV.    LITERATURE  AND  THE  ARTS  IN  THE  MIDDLE  AGES. 

Importance  of  the  subject- Writers  who  have  treated  it-Division -A  Colo.ssus  fiilling-Incnrstojia 
of  the  Northmen-A  adiige-Iioauliful  Itnly— Awful  devnstation-New  dynastios-Ohristiauity 
triumphant  over  barbarism— Civilization— Literary  history-Tenth  centurv— Gradual  revival— Its 
causes-aoldi-n  age  of  Leo  X.-Latin  language  in  liturgy-And  the  Monastic  institute-Elevation 
of  woman-Modern  langi.ages-And  poetry-Paper-Art  of  Printing-Illuminated  manuscripts- 
Universi ties-Schools  of  Law  and  Medicine-Musical  Notes-Organs-Bells-Mariner's  compass- 
Geographical   discoverins-Comu.erce-First    Bank-Post   Offlce-Newspapers-gpectaclt-s-Oun- 

powder-Stone  coal-Arithmetical  numbers— Algebra-Glass-Stained  Glass-Agriculture-Botany 
-Clocks-Puinting  revived-Silk  introduced-Gothic  style  of  Architecture-Leaning  tower  of 
Pisa — Conclusion,    --••-.....  ^, 

y.    LITERATURE  AND  THE  CATHOLIC  CLERGl.- LIBRARIES. 

iVodern  history  unfair-A  great  conspiracy  against  the  truth-Whence  this  unfaVness  in  En<rli,h 
writers-Kobbery  and  sacrilege-Origin  of  modern  maramonism-Persecution  of  slander- Wh'it 
Protestants  have  said  in  favor  of  the  Monks— Leibnitz-EIlendorf-Edmnnd  Burke-Raisin^- up 
the  lowly-Giving  asylum  to  the  oppressed  liishop  Tanner- Mallet-Drake-Sharon  Turnlr- 
Eates-Quarterly  '.{cview-Origiu  of  Libniries-A..  ^...t  Christian  Libraries-Cathedral  and  Mo- 
na^tic  Libraries-Monks  transoi-ibing  books-And  collccu::  -  them  into  Libraries-Care  of  books 
enjoined  by  rule-Zeal  of  Monks  in  saving  books-Principal  monastic  collections  of  Manuscripts- 
Scarcity  of  books-Agency  of  the  Universities-Religious  women  engaged  as  cu-yi^ts-Wdtins 
with  goldeu  and  silver  ink-Illuminated  margius-The  Scriptorium- Means  of  augmeniing  Libra 
ries-Encouvngement  afforded  by  Roman  Pontiffs-What  we  owe  to  patient  Monastic  labor-num- 
mary of  what  the  Clergy  and  Monks  have  done  for  Literature         ....  "    .w. 


^ 


VL    SCHOOLS  AND  UNIVERSITIES  IN  THE  "  DARK"  AGES. 

Protestnnt  boasting-Li.ht  and  darkness-Revival  of  letters  and  the  Reformation-Early  and  recent 
persecution  of  slander  oompared-Gibbou-Protestant  thtory-Lamo  argument-Early  Christian 
Schools-Plato  and  Aristotle-Irish  Sohools-And  Irish  Scholars-Cathedral  Schools-Charlc- 
mngne  and  AUVcd-Councils  ordering  the   election  of  Schools-The  Monasteries-  ind  monastic 

Schnols-U  hat  was  therein  taught-Sohools  for  the  nobility-Signing  in  cipher-Female  Academics 
-Literary  hulios-Uuiversities-In  Italy-EugUuid-And  France-Statement  of  D'uiielo  examine.! 
-Curious  inci.iont  in  the  history  of  the  University  of  Paris-Three  qualities  of     .ediwval  Schools 
and  Univorsiiies  stated  and  establi.hed-Who   first  founded  Free  Schools  ?-01ance  at  modern 
Universities.        .  ...... 

113 


T 


Vn.    INFLUENCE  OF  CATHOLICITY  ON  CIVIL  LIBERTY. 

Terms  deflned-What  is  liberty  ?- Which  is  the  best  form  of  government?-Direct  and  indirect  influ- 
ence-Tendency of  Christian  teaching--Divi.sion  of  the  sul.j.'ct-The,oretical  viuw-EquaJiziug  the 
social  condition-Form  of  Churc:  g<.vernment-A  happy  blending  of  different  elemeots-The 
elective  pHnciplc-Deliberalive  a=  .cniblies-Authority  of  the  Pope-Practical  intlueuce  of  the 
Church-In  the  early  ages-In  the  ,  >iddle  ages-Rescuing  Europe  from  barbarism-Weans  em- 
ployed for  humanizing  society— Two  Protestant  tes!iiuoniea-S!p.y«rv  .and  thti  Si=rf  pystem-=tfuiir',. 
between  the  Cross  and  the  Crc^cent-The  Crusades -Their  influence  on  the  social  condition-Th'o 
Free  Cities-'n  Spain-In  Germany-And  in  Italy-Lombard  League-Italian  Republics-Ouelphs 
and  Ghibellines-The  deposing  power-Republics  of  San  Maiino  and  Andorra-The  monastic  insti- 
tute-Teaching  of  medisDval  theologians- Mag-na  CAarm-William  Wallace,  Robert  Bruce,  and 
William  Tell-Influence  of  the  reformation  on  liberty-In  Germany-And  in  England-Catholic 
patriots  during  the  American  revolution— Conclusion, 131 


I 


CONTENTS. 

VIII.    AGE  OF  POPE  C4REG0RY  VII.-TIIE  DEPOSING  POWER. 

Importance  of  ths  sul>j<'Ct— Society  struggling  into  form— IliUebrand— Ills  coteniporaries— Histori- 
cal portraits  ana  parallels— Napolt'On's  opinion  of  Qregr.ry  VII  — Ili>w  the  Pontiff  has  been  Htiaeked 
by  his  eneniie.s— .\ird  how  defended  by  "Voi|it-The  great  idea  of  Gregory— His  relaiii>us  to  society 
as  its  spiritual  head— A  torrent  of  abuse  steinmed— The  question  of  investitures— Ancient  mod* 
of  nominating  to  bishoprics— Contest  between  the  "opes  and  the  emperors  of  Qeriiiany— Tapsi 
election— A  vital  question— St.  Peter  Dauiiau— His  relations  to  Gregory- Simony  and  disorder 
among  the  ciers^y- Ilildebrand  unanimously  elected  Pope— Ilis  oirlier  career— His  experience, 
coolness,  and  visdom— Not  exceedingly  stern— His  wonilerful  activity— Ilia  correspondence— Ilia 
moral  courage— His  temporal  relations  to  society— Distracted  state  of  Europe— Princes  swearing 
fealty  to  the  Pope— His  protectorate  recognized  and  invoked— Gregory  not  ambitious— His  long 
struggle  with  Henry  IV.— The  Nero  of  the  twelfth  century— Otto  of  Nordheim— Summary  of  tha 
whole  contest— Moderation  of  Gregory— How  and  why  the  Pontiff  declared  Ileury  deposed— A  stroke 
for  liberty— Opiniou  of  Voigt, -  -161 


^ 


IX.  THE  GREAT  SCHISM  OP  THE  WEST.— ROME  AND  AVIGNON. 

f  he  Reformers  before  the  Reformation— Ronnechose  and  D'AubignS  compared— The  former  as  an 
historian— Is  lie  ingeuuoua  or  fair?— Inaccuracies— Scope  of  hM  work— The  Schism  a  fiery  ordeal 
for  the  Church- From  which  she  came  forth  unscathed— Scandils  to  be  expected— Morality  of  thu 
Popes,  -Origin  of  the  Schism— The  papacy  "  stooping  to  conquer"— Contest  between  Boniface  VIII. 
and  Philip  tt  ■  Fair— The  death  of  Boniface  and  election  of  his  successor— Intiigues  of  Philip— Th» 
Popes  reside  at  Avignon— Their  policy— Retuirn  to  Roue— Election  of  Urban  VI.— Defection  oi"  Oar- 
dinals— They  set  up  tilement  Vll.— Who  moves  to  .Wignon— Political  ambition  of  princes— The  eTil 
and  the  remedy  come  from  F:arce— University  of  Paris— Council  of  Pisa-And  of  Uoustance— 
Election  of  Martin  V.— End  of  the  Schism— Remarks— Triumph  of  the  I  hurch  -Rela'ion  of  th» 
Pope  to  a  general  council— Reforming  the  Church  "  iu  its  head  and  members"— The  succession  ao» 
Interrupted— Two  objections  answered— Church  emerfi-Jd  from  Iho  Schism  stronger  than  ever— 


And  so  did  the  panacy, 


169 


T 

I 

i 


X.    JOHN  IIUSS  AND  THE  HUSSITES.-TIIE  COUNCIL  OF  CONSTANCE. 

New  trials  lead  to  new  triumphs  of  the  Church— Character  of  John  Huss-A  traitor  in  the  camp— 
Seeking  popularity— Wickliffe  and  his  doctrines— These  necessarily  lead  to  civil  commotiooa— 
Translated  into  liohemia— University  of  I'razue— The  German  and  Ijoheniian  students— Carthage- 
^iaii  hatred  of  Home— Writers  on  IIu^s  and  his  disciple''- Persecution  no  Catholic  f-;net— Imperial 
laws  on  the  subject— What  were  the  doctrines  of  Iluss?-And  what  their  influence  on  society  ?— 
What  means  did  he  adopt  to  spread  them?— Was  he  consistent?— Hal  he  a  fair  trial  at  Constance? 
—Was  the  council  cruel  towards  him  ?— Were  the  fathers  guilty  of  breach  of  faith  ?— Keeping  faitk 
with  heretics— Case  of  Jerome  of  Pniguo- Horrible  excesses  of  the  Hussites— Ziska  '-of  tneCup'' 
—Pillage,  murder,  and  sacrilege— A  horrid  martial  instrument  of  music— A  dark  and  bioodjr 
monument  to  the  memory  of  K'lss, -191 


XI.    THE  SPANISH  HvQUISITION.-PRESCOTT'S  VIEW. 

Interest  of  Spanish  history— Evils  .irising  from  the  French  revolution— Can  Spain  become  Protestant? 
--Prescott's  Ferdinand  and  Isabella-  His  character  as  an  historian-His  prejudices-His  authoritiM 
on  the  Spanish  Inquisition— Who  was  Limborch  ?— His  reliability- Character  of  Llorente— Writer* 
on  the  other  side— Prescott's  view— Ilis  statements  examined-  -Three  propositions  establislied— Waj 
the  Spanish  Inquisition  a  religious  or  a  political  institution?— Its  origin  traced— A  parallel  case- 
Remarkable  testimony  of  Ranku— The  alleged  cruelties  of  the  Inquisition— Are  they  exaggerated? 
—Authority  of  Voltaire-Of  llourgoing— And  of  Limborch— The  civil  and  ecclesiastical  courts— 
•'Justice  and  Mercy"- Mode  of  procedure— Motive  for  secresy— Torture— Jurisprudence  of  th« 
time— In  what  court  was  the  final  decision  given?- Count  Polnitz— English  and  Genevan  Inquisi- 
tion-Was counsel  allowed  the  accused  ?— Is  the  Calliolic  Church  responsible  for  the  Spanish 
Inquisition  ?-Agency  of  the  Roman  Pontiffs-Their  efforts  to  restrain  crui-lty— The  Portuguese 


inquisition, 


213 


XII.    THE  REFORMATION  IN  SWITZERLAND.-BERNESE  INTRIGUES. 

The  lat«  religious  war  in  Switzerland-Policy  of  France  and  Austria— Intrigues  of  England-Char- 
acter o£  the  vai  -Whence  the  liberties  of  Switzerland-Analogy  between  the  late  struggle,  and 
that  preceding  the  Reformation-Berne  the  center  of  operations-M.  de  Haller's  point  of  view— 


CONTENTS. 


IIU  characier  a.  an  hUtorian-lIis  a.-^horities-Wavering  of  Berne-Tortuou«  policy-^o^y  .b« 
rbracTtJrrfol-Tho  6,..  ana  th«  ..a.^-TreaCuTous  perjury  of  Berne-Z..ng.,an  Councjl 
!!iJ  det^^-Ue  igious  MU.ny  crushed-Uiot  and  .Hcrilege-l'roce«dings  of  1  eruuse  comn>i«8  on- 
i;«  Dowrih  Zanny-T..e  n.miater  FarC-Uis^.r,  z.a)-An  appaUiug  p.cure-A  parallel- 
;;,;«  h  :S  i  r-0,haracter  of  the  ministers- Avowal  of  '^'^^-"-''^l^^^'"^' ^"^^ 
m wlttjuagmenr-IIow  consi.teMf.-Per.ecution  of  brother  Pro,e«tants-D>own.ng  the  Anabap- 

Tol;:'reiri:ir;;;e^^^^^^^^^  p.oph.t..aiUng  before  da„ger-Batt.  of  Capp^ 

-Death  of  Zwingle-lriumph  of  Catholic  cantons-Treaty  ot  ieace,     -        -       -       -  ^        ^ 

XIII.    PBESCOTT'S  CONQUEST  OF  MEXICO. 

Arlicle  I.— Character  of  the  Conquerors. 

J     -n,  «n,o,  Amorionn  writers—llis  Stylo  and  manner— Qualitioi 

Prescottas  an  historian-Compared  ...th  °'^«;/'"    '";;.7;i  "„    i,  ,,;Lracy-iIi«  impartiality- 

e.ential  to  an  ^^^;;^:^Z^:^^^  h.-n-Uis  gros's  charge,  against  the 

cT^hXr^cr^^^n^^^^^^^^^ 

of  US  Wsr^^-Character  of ,  h.  conquerors-IIernando  Cortes-Oompared  w, th  anient  generals- 

tezuma-Ld  exccnUon  of  Guatamozin-Prescott'a  teBtimony-Span.h  conquest  of  Mexzco  a^J 
English  conquest  of  India  compared-Cortus  and  Lord  CUve-Macaulay,    -       -       - 

XIV.    PRESCOTT'S  CONQUEST  OF  MEXICO. 
Article  IT.—  The  Religious  Point  of  View  of  the  Conquest. 

Kcligions  point  of  view  nece.a.y-Kohle  -^-^^^^l^^X:^^^^:^:^^ 
H-Prescott's  testimony-The  Span:,sn  -7''':;:  ^. '  '^;    ^^^^^^^^  ^^h  actuated  Catholic  and 

by  Frescott-The  age  of  chivalry  compared  wuh  the  P^^;^'  J^jj^f  ^^^  ,j.  oortes-His  standard 
Protestant  navigators  and  pioneers~A  holy  Cr«-de-Rel.g.ous  chara  ter  0  ^^^ 

-Stirring  address  to  his  soldiers-Th.  ■■-^^^l';'^^^-^.^,;^^^^^  Pro- 

conversion  of  the  nativcs-Ueligious  ^^'l^^^^^^^^-^^Zt^^^^  i-idents  showing 

testant  systems  for  mak.ng  P'-o^«'y  ««-P'«'"=°'  .^''^;°jy  fi^r-Catholic  missionaries-They  oppose 
the  piety  of  the  co^quorors-Thcr  zeal  Bomet.mes  too  S^Ji     ^^'^^loUc  .^^ 

ruelty  to  the  native.-As  well  as  all  forced  '^^^l^^^^''^^^^^^^^^^^^  oimedo-Aquilar 

rate  zeal  of  Cortes-Idols  cast  .''--"^^P'^^f^^.^tS  L  ^^^^^^  '^^  '^«  ^^^-^^"^'^  ''  '''' 
and  other  missionaries-Religious  ceremomes  on  ^'^'^'1^1'^11^^^^.^_q,,^,  „„„ber  of  converts 
eie.e-Missionarios  after  the  ^-quest-Destr.ct,on  0  ^^^  ^^^^^^ 

gain  to  the  Church-Conclusion,     -       -       -       - 

XV.  EAKLY  CATHOLIC  MISSIONS  IN  THE  NOKTH  WEST. 

First  Paper.— Bancroft's  Account. 

XVI.  EARLY  CATHOLIC      'SSIONS  IN  TUB  NOMn  WEST. 

Second  Paper.-  The  Huron  Mission. 


'^ 


V- 

■ii 


f 


CONTENTS. 

tyrdom— His  rirtuea— Another  attack  by  the  Iroquois— Heroic  coniluct  of  Fathers  de  Brebeuf  and 
I-allement— They  are  made  prisoners— Devotedueaa  of  their  neophytes- The  glories  of  the  Uuron 
Mission  scattered.       ---•...........      oj] 

XVII.    EARLY  CATHOLIC  MISSIONS  IN  THE  NORTH  WEST. ' 

Third  Paper— Fathers   De  Brcbeufand  Lallement. 

Martyrdom  of  Fathers  de  Brebeuf  and  liallement— Their  remains  solemnly  interred— Their  heroism 
—Details  of  their  martyrdom— Horrible  cruelties— Life  of  Father  Lallement— His  reasons  for 
devoting  himself  to  the  Indian  missions— The  Aloysius  of  th"  Huron  missions— And  the  Xavier— 
Father  John  De  Brebeuf— Sketch  of  his  life— His  first  attempt  to  found  the  Huron  mission— 
His  ardent  zeal— And  spirit  of  prayer— His  love  of  the  cross— H"  pants  for  martyrdom— His  diflB- 
culties  and  sufferings  among  the  Hurons— He  is  exposed  to  imminent  danger  of  his  life— Hin 
humility- His  unceasing  labors— His  calmness— And  noble  courage— The  results  of  his  zeal— The 
Apostle  of  the  Hurons,       -  ............      332 

XVIII.    WEBSTER'S  BUNKER  HILL  SPEECH. 

Relative  Treatment  of  the  American  Aborigines  hy  the  English  and  Spanish  Colonists. 

Mr.  Webster  as  an  orator- Compared  with  Preston,  Calhoun,  and  Clay— Mr.  Webster's  omissions— 
His  drift— A  sound  principle— But  inconclusive  reasoning— Different  policy  adopted  by  English 
and  Spanish  colonists—"  The  Anglo  Saxon  blood"— A  parallel  case— Cause  of  aversion  to  Spain— 
The  reformation  of  Luther— Its  influence  on  liberty-"  The  middle  class"— Luther  and  the  peasants 
— I'rotestant  opinions— Keligious  element  in  Spanish  colonization— Irving's  testimony— Portu- 
guese colonists— Catholic  and  Protestant  navigators— Who  introduced  slavery  ?— Alleged  cruelties 
of  the  Spaniards— Las  Casas— Cruelties  practised  by  the  Puritans— Their  treatment  of  the  Aborigi- 
nes—The Pokanokets — Shrewd  bargaining— King  Philip— The  Narragansetts- Their  extermination 
— ThePequods— "  The  godly  Stone"— A  horrible  confljigration-Settling  accounts— "A  dark  shade 
on  the  soil  of  iUassachusetts,"        • 333 


XIX.  OUR  COLONIAL  BLUE  LAWS. 

Article  I. —  Union  of  Church  and  State > 

Why  we  treat  this  subject— Who  are,  and  who  have  been  the  persecutors?- Meaning  of  the  term 
Blue  Laws— 'ESoTt  at  concealment— Bancrofc's  reserve — Other  historians  of  New  England — Charac- 
ter of  the  Puritans— Their  good  and  their  bad  qualities— Their  treatment  of  the  Aborigines— Their 
inconsistency-Two  classes  of  Blue  Laws— Union  of  Church  and  State- Conformity— The  franchise 
— Established  religion— Observance  of  the  Sabbath — Severe  enactments — Law  against  priests — 
Spirit  of  persecution  in  New  York— Miscellaneous  laws— Indians  and  wolves— Use  of  tobacco — 
Manner  of  dress—Cut  of  the  hair— Matrimony — And  divorce — By  whom  were  the  Blue  Laws 
repealed ?— Some  Blue  Laws  of  Virginia— The  land  of  "steady  habits" — Catholic  Colony  of 
Maryland, .-363 

XX.  OUR  COLONIAL  BLUE  LAWS. 

Article  II. — HereticSy  Quakers,  and  Witches. 

Two  characteristics  of  the  Puritans— Scenting  out  heresy  and  witchcraft—Preaching  and  practice  - 
Consistency — Which  colony  deserves  the  palm— Roger  Williams— His  principles  and  banishment 
—Laws  against  Quakers— How  executed — A  strong  protest— How  answered — Persecution  avowed 
and  proved  from  the  Bible— Witchcraft  in  New  England— Why  so  prevalent  there— Exposition  of 
Cotton  Mather — Shrewdness  of  the  witches — How  they  were  exterminated — "Eight  firebrands  of 
hell"  -  Hanging  first,  and  trying  afterwards— Humorous  passage  from  Irving,      •       •       •     869 


XXL    THE  SPIRIT  OP  THE  AGE. 

Temporal  and  Eternal. 

l«  this  an  enlightened  age? — Enlightenment  and  empiricism— Material  progress— Constant  agitation 
and  fever — Rest  and  motion  — Self  complacency— Two  classes  of  extravagance  pointed  out— And 
illustrated— Doctrine  of  progress  applied  to  religion— Degrading  religion  to  an  earthly  standard— 


CONTENTS. 


Reason  and  faith-Incident  related  by  St.  Augustine-Reasoninp;  backwards-A  tower  of  nubel- 
Modorn  systems  of  philosophy-lTue  and  false  liberty-Kvils  growing  out  of  sectarianism-l^arry- 
ingout  a  false  principle- Private  judgment-TUe  great  .trug.-le  and  its  final  issue -I'rotestannsm 
and  enlightenraent-American  infldelity-l'arallel  linen  of  reasoning  adopted  by  tlie  sects  and 
by  i.ifidels-FaiuUicism  and  iufldelity-Manuuoiiism-Money  and  virtue-Mammon  worship  lu 
churcheS-UMlitarianism-W'rong  views  of  education-U.Oigions  indifference  and  latitudinananira 
—Frightful  moral  disorders— Fruits  of  rrotestantism— The  great  problem  of  the  age,  -    383 

XXII.    THE  CHARGE  OP  IDOLATRY. 

Honor  and  Invocation  of  Saints. 

The  curve  and  the  straight  line-The  iwue  of  the  Puseyit*  moyement-Its  benefits-Origin  of  th. 
controversy  concerning  Idolatry  in  the  Catholic  Church- Palmer  and  Dr.  Wiseman-Charge  by  tha 
former-IIow  met  by  the  lattcr-PHlmer's  criterion  applied  against  himself-IIis  line  of  reasoning 
unfair-Three  proportions  Inid  down-And  proved-Carholic  doctrine  stated-Testimony  by  the 
Council  of  Trent-The  Missal  and  tl,e  l!revlary-V,hy  are  the  Saints  honored  and  invoked ?- 
Passage  from  the  late  Pope's  encyclical  letter  explained-Guardian  angels-Objected  passage, 
explain  themselves-Prayer  of  Cardinal  Bona-Incident  in  the  life  of  St,  Alphon.sus  ,.,'uor,-St. 
Francis  di  Qirolamo-The  Pope's  encyclical  again-Palmer's  Italics-The  climax  «f  ';l"l''^^y- 
Coldness  and  enthusiasm  in  devotion-The  devotion  to  the  Virgin-Beautiful  passage  of  Dr.  Wise- 
man-Possible  abuse  no  argument- Palmer's  inconsistency-Passages  from  the  ancient  fHth«r8- 
How  he  explains  them-His  glaring  perversion  of  RUthorities-His  work  of  supererogation-Fai.h 
and  nraetice  of  the  early  Church-Beauty  and  sublimity  of  the  Catholic  doctrine-Devotion  to  t^e 
Virgin— A  golden  chain,         -- 

XXIII.    THE  CATHOLIC  DOCTRINE  OF  SATISFACTION. 

Faith  and  Works. 

Harmony  of  Catholic  doctrlnes-Their  scope  and  influence-The  great  Physician-IIis  religion  medl- 
cinal-The  doctrine  of  Satisfaction  intimately  connected  with  that  of  the  Alonement-Standing  at 
the  foot  of  the  cross-The  center  of  the  religious  system-Source  of  light  and  heat-The  Atonement 
guffloient-And  made  for  all-Our  co-operation  necessary  for  its  application  to  us-Dennng  our- 
selves and  entering  into  the  sacrificial  spirit  of  Christ-Scriptural  proofs-Practice  of  the  saints- 
Motive  for  corporal  austeriries-1'he  cross  ever  present  to  the  Chri.-tian  mind- 1  he  sacrifice  of  the 
altar  and  that  01  the  Oross-Prorestant  view  of  the  Atonement- Faith  and  works-Halting  half 
way-The  more  cov,forlahh  and  the  safir  way-.austic  passage  of  Tertull!an-Two  roads  to 
heaven-Palmer's  view-llis  arguments  superficial  and  captious-Temporal  punishment  for  sui 
already  forgiven-Scriptural  examples-Palmer's  explanation  of  them  refuted-His  paltry  quibbling 
-Charge  of  tibsurdity  answered-Keasons  for  the  temporal  penalty  remaining-Palmer  grow. 
rathetic-Troubling  the  peace  of  consciences-Unearthly  character  of  the  doctrme-lhe  blessings 
it  bM  produced,    -       •       -       •  ... 


i\ 


t 


XXIV.    THE  CONFESSIONAL. 

Tactics  of  its  Enemies. 

«««>ng  presumptive  evidence  of  Cathollclty-Tho  proud  position  ^r '»'V^''"'-''Vj;'7";'  *'; 
warfare  against  her-Appeal  to  passion  against  truth-Luther's  tac.ics-Those  "^J  ^  ^  '^    7' 
similar- Protestant  and  infidel  arguments  against  Catholicity  compared-lhe  vikst  "f  «>  ^^^ 
modes  of  attack-Closing  the  church  against  ladies-Books  teeming  with  obscenity-A   >»r    ng 
*"  "  .  .         .  .    •    r  !,  !j     vi-i.o  wna  Michelet' — An  amusing  Incl- 

.hame  for  Christian  ministers-Sympathy  with  n.fidels-Who  was  MUl.eiet       .*  .,      , 

dent-Translator  of  Michelet-A  horrid  picture  of  woman-MohtimmetlanIsm  revlved-Methodls. 
c»mp-n,eetings-A  "  female  Jesuit'--  Incarnation  of  8a.an"-Transcendentahsni-A  rare  conso. 
atZ  -"  Fr'nch  bulls  "-Inconsistency  and  contra-liction-Mlchelet  as  an  historian  and  logician 

-Ills  premises  laise-And  his  reuM-nUig  liicgical-^Biiudurr:,  v!  ,.i--.....-  -•.-  —^ 

A  portrait-"  The  end  Justifies  the  mcans"-(lreat  honor  to  the  Ch«rch-T he  beams  and  h  not, 
-.The  confessional  considetedby  the  light  of  experience- A  V'^^^'^^^^^^'^^^'^Z^ 
th.  .ex-Cour,e  adopted  by  the  Protestant  preachers-Kxtracts  from  our  '"•'■""«":"•-'";'•; 
cases--  Whipping  hypocrisy  "-Whence  all  the  clamor  against  the  .  ontess.onai-D.d  the  .-riest. 
n"rodnre  it /-What  motive  could  they  have  hadT-Was  It  possible  .o  mak«  the  change  - 
The  ...lestlon  of  innovation  tes.ed-llis.ory  .ppealed  to-Pre.cription-Our  Saviour  and  .h^ 
Pharisee', 


+ 


CONTENTS. 

XXV.    CATHOLIC  AND  PROTESTANT  COUNTRIES. 

Article  I. — England  and  France — Holland  and  Belgium. 

Influence  of  Catholicity  and  Protestantism  on  material  interests— Current  theory— The  argument 
wholly  inconclusive— And  the  facts  assumed,  but  not  proved— England's  prosperity— How  explained 
—Rise  and  decline  of  Catholic  powers— Why  Ood  permits  the  wicked  to  prosper— Mtisses  of  Eng- 
land's population- Catholic  Ireland— England  and  France  compared— In  which  is  the  bulk  of  th« 
people  more  comfortable?- Laing's  argument— French  and  English  honesty  and  polite ncsb— Hol- 
land and  lielgium  compared— Belgian  railroads— Charity  in  Catholic  and  Protestant  countries- 
Condition  of  the  poor— Kelative  prosperity  of  the  Catholic  and  Protestant  population  of  Prussia— 
The  serf  system— llow  long  it  lingered  in  Protestant  countries— Who  have  been  the  best  friends  and 
champions  of  the  poor  and  oppressed  ?--••-- 45& 


XXVI     CATHOLIC  AND  PROTESTANT  COUNTRIES. 

Article  II. — Qermany  and  Italy.  , 

The  Catholic  and  Protestanc  cantons  of  Switzerland— An  "enlightened  self-interest"— Why  th« 
Protestant  cnntons  are  more  prosperous- Material  condition  of  iJatholic  Italy— Italian  and  Scotch 
holy  days— Mr.  Laing's  theory  for  explaining  the  alleged  social  inferiority  of  tlie  Italians— Italy  in 
ancient  and  modern  times-lntliienee  of '■liuiatc  on  popular  industry  and  actiTity— The  Italian 
poor  compared  with  those  of  England  and  Ireland— Mr  Laing's  testimony— The  garden-like  culture 
of  Italy— Couiparalive  cheerfulness  of  Protestant  and  Catholic  nations— Tastu  for  the  fine  arts- 
Politeness— Temperance-Testimony  of  Uobert  Dale  Owen— Comparative  moralily-Moral  condi- 
tion of  Sweden— Popular  education  in  Catholic  and  Protestant  countries- The  commou  school 
system  in  Austria— Liberal  policy— llelative  instruction  of  English  and  Belgian  operatives— The 
Prussian  common  soliool  system- Keligious  condition— State  of  religion  at  Geneva- Deplorable 
defection— Protestantism  in  other  European  countries— Mr.  Laing's  theory  to  account  for  th« 
admitted  religious  superiority  of  Catholic  nations  examined- His  honorable  testimony  to  Catholic 
faith  and  piety, 472 


t 


1 


XXVII.    CATHOLIC  AND  PROTESTANT  COUNTRIES. 

Article  III. — England,  as  >7<t'  is  and  waf, 

Hnglish  boastins- What  is  the  condition  of  her  people?— Has  her  greatness  elevated  the  masses  of 
her  populiitiou  ?— A  land  of  social  contrasts— English  pauperism  acrinio—Frightfulcoudition  of 
Unglisii  operatives- Sumniur>  of  evidence  on  th«  subject— IIow  England  relieves  her  poor— The 
wovk  houses— The  d}iiig  patiper- Testimony  of  Dr.  Southey— No  liberty  for  the  poor  in  England 
— Immorality  of  London— The  Anglican  establishment— England  eviingelizing  Hio  world  !—Th« 
Knglish  arisioiraov— llrou^ham  on  English  taxation— Ma-nmonism  in  England  and  Americar— 
Portrait  of  Daniel  O'Counell, 4M 


XXVIIL    CATHOLIC  AND  PROTESTANT  COUNTRIES. 

Article  IV. — Ireland  and  the  Irish. 

The  great  day  of  reckoning- An  historical  parallel- Ireland  ntlll  unconquered—Un  American 
feeling  of  hostility  to  foreigners— Are  wo  really  independent  of  Engliiud  .' — Political  uativism- 
Whai  have  foreitrners  ilime  fur  the  cinintry  ?— Why  Irishmen  are  hated— The  Irish  character-It* 
lights  and  slmdes— English  treatnienf  of  Ireland— The  Urst  period  of  Ireland's  Hull'uriugs— Protes- 
tant eviileiicf — I'he  serond  period -Tlie  rel'ornnvtion  in  Ireland  Irish  lidelity  to  the  ancient  faith 
— Polii":.  iif  I'.liitabeth  and  the  Stuarts— Wholesale  couflfcatk'u  and  buicbery— The  men  of  178i— 
The  Union- Protestant  asceudvuoy— Emancipation,       • 606 


XXIX.    CATHOLIC  AND  PimTESTANT  COITNTUTES. 

Article  v.— Italian  Society. 

Dlekensnnd  Klp-Superneinl  travelers— WrlrlnR  fbr  money— Udy  tourists-License  for  gossiping— 
Chnrnclerof  Dickens  as  a  writer— llareiil  and  Sharp- Italian  conn-ntment— Two  exiremeslob* 
avoldtd  in  the  foelal  cundlltnn— Material  ei'inforts-  DIITerenee  between  lln«  ItMllaiisand  Anieriean« 
—Laboring  rlatset  In  Italy— lullan  i:iualor— Mode  of  ilfe  among  Itallani—Th»lf  sprlgUtltueaa— 


CONTENTS. 


ViTacity  of  children— Italians  a  social  pfOple—Their  amusements— Gambling— Ilorae  races  amon^ 
them  iind  us  compared— Profaue  swearing— Teni penince— General  use  of  wine— Its  effects  on  tem- 
perance and  health— I'oliteness-Meekness  among  the  great- Traitiiug  of  children  in  Italy— A 
grots  charg'!  against  Italian  morality  refuted— The  fashion  of  employing  Cavalieri  Serventi—Uov 


it  originated, 


^ 


XXX.    CATHOLIC  AND  PROTESTANT  COUNTRIES. 

Article  VI. — Brazil  and  the  Brazilians. 

Interest  of  the  subject— Qualifications  for  an  impartial  traveler— Misrepresenting  Catholic  doctrines 
and  practices— Missionary  touiists— Mr.  Kidder's  j-nsstatements— The  BraziliMB  af/on/ig- images- 
Absurd  blunders— Fire-works  on  the  "  Sabbath"— t^ervice  of  the  holy  week-Decnration  of  Bra- 
cilian  churches— Keligious  emblems  and  names— Our  Lady  of  the  Snow— 1  omicidts  iu  Brazil  and 
among  us— Distributing  tracts— A  bright  youth— The  Hible  in  Brazil— Extracts  from  it  read  in 
the  public  schools-"  The  liible  never  proscribed  in  Brazil"- Inquisitorial  censorship— A  trick  of 
the  Bible  societv- The  Brazilians  liberal  and  tolerant-The  Catholic  clergy— Slavery  in  Brazil- 
Touching  practices  of  piety  among  the  elaves-The  religious  Brotherhoods-The  charity  hospital 
at  Rio— Is  there  aiiy  native  party  in  Brazil  ?- failure  of  Mr.  Kidder's  mission— Uis  return  homo— 
Advantages  of  clerical  celibacy ...      53s 

XXXI.    THE  ORIENTAL  CHURCHES.' 

Dr.  Durbin's  Observations  in  the  EcA. 

The  present  Btrnggle  in  tho  East— The  ancient  Episcopal  Sees-Alexandria-Antioch-Jerusalem— 
Constantinople-Statistics  of  the  eantern  and  western  churches  in  the  early  ages-Ancient  glory 
and  present  degradation  of  the  Oriental  Ohurches-A  picture  of  desolation-A  vast  ni'cropolis- 
Decrease  of  population-Testimonies  of  I)r  Fraukland  and  Dr.  Durbin-Number  of  Christians  in 
the  Turkish  empire-Chastisement  innictt'd  on  the  Crick  fchismatics-Tlieir  present  forlorn  con- 
dition—The only  hope  for  their  restoration— Tlicir  discipline  in  rog.ird  to  the  celibacy  of  the  clergy 
—Their  acknowledge.!  ..grcemeut  in  doctrine  with  the  llonian  Catholics-Argument  founds^d  thereon 
in  favor  of  the  Catholic  Church- I'rotcstant  missionaries  in  the  East-Have  they  succeeded  ?-Dr. 
Durbin's  admissions-IIis  omissions  supplied  in  regard  to  the  I'rotcstant  missions  of  llasbejaand 
Orooiniah-Di.Nunion  among  the  Protestant  misfionaries-Catholic  missions  in  the  K,ist-Dr.  Dur- 
bin's candid  avowal-Statistics— The  seven  Apocalyptic  churches-The  chuich  of  I'hiladelphift- 
Downright  popory— Christian  charity  recommended, 


561 


XXXII.    ROME, 

As  seen  by  a  New  Yorker, 
Kew  York  and  Rome-Puperflcial  books-Candid  avoN.'l-TnaccuracleR-Colonnadeln  front  of  Saint 
Peter's-The  ball  on  the  dome-St.  Mary  Majai's-  Poi-'S  preserving  aiideu'  monuments-Italian 
Offrojii-TrickH  on  travelers-"  The  In  nx-«yed  sculptor"-  Laughable  mista  ics-Tho  Jews  in  Homf 
—The  chair  of  St.  Peter— Keligious  services  iu  the  Colisseum-Kome  not  s-ifllcion.ly  progressive- 
Picture  of  Home  as  the  capital  of  Ch.istendom-Ai  tislie  genius  of  Italy-'..berality  towards  foreign 
artists- Overbeck—Pulullngs  In  chur-hes-Homan  chunhe*  never  closed  against  worshipers- 
Koman  charify-Beggars-Italian  wines-Valuable  FUggesiion-Italian  monks-The  Vatican- 
Villa  Bornhese-Eduoation  in  lU-mo-Pope  OreBory  XVI.-The  college  of  cardinals-Qenern  1 
impression  made  by  Home  on  our  New  i'orUor, "' 

XXXin.    TITG  PAPAL  GOVERNMENT. 

Tho  late  lloman  revoluHou-Character  of  Pius  IX  -111.^  meaniros  of  reform-flow  received  by  h\f 
Buhjects-Hase  ingiatltudn- Assassination  of  Kossi  and  Palma-A  r.i({n  of  terror-Zan.blanchi  and 
bis  band  of  a^sasslus-Maxzlu!  Mid  his  Idea  of  llbHrty-Kurope  indlgnant-The  I'ontlff  restored  by 
the  Catholic  powers  -Who^e  iault  was  ll  that  Pius  I  .\.  did  not  succeed  in  eiTerting  poriiiciil  irfoiuiT  — 
Monarchy  and  mob  rule-Origin  of  the  papal  states-  Did  the  Popes  usurp  temporal  doml.ilon  ?- 
Advantages  of  their  being  Independent  Boverelttns-Mr.  llcadley's  Outline  H<et(h-Statt8tlo« 
C.f  the  papaUerritory-The  government  an  elective  monaichy-How  the  administration  Is  con- 
ducted-Mr.  lleadley'smiHtHkes  and  omissions  Hoard  t  .  redress  grievanees-The  Hacra  Cousulta- 
Miinlclpal  reitulations -Opinion  of  Lunadoro-Tlie  Sacra  Kuoia  -  An  Ineident-Tlie  advocate  of 
the  poor-CharltablB  and  <  ducational  InstUuilous  cLeiiahed  by  the  Papal  Uovernment,      -      5«ft 


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C  ONTENTS. 
XXXIV.    THE  PlilLADELPIlIA  RIOTS. 

The  Native  American  Party. 

■    7      qims  Of  the  tlmes-AcctJ«/U  and    cAoic«-Fearl«8i 
Dreadful  seenes-WiU  they  occur  ^^^^■-J^^lZc^^^^^  of  the  RiotB-Union  of  hatred- 
Protestant  writ«r..-Letter  to  ^'^^\^';il'-^^Zn-k^^  what  for  this  country-Real  and 
What  Catholicity  has  done  for  l*''"^  "'^^"''^I'^Xnion-Glance  ^^ 

nominal  freedom-Forecast  -f,';;^^-;:  •'jf:'^;°„^^^^^^^  Beecher-And  other  Protestant 

the  United  States-Burning  of  the  UrBubneconT.'^t^*^^     y  ^^^  ^^^  proceeding. 

inlniBterB-Maria  Monk- The  J.'^'^^**'^;^/;/";  'rj'^^  Americans-"  Spare  the  Bible  "- 

drawa  by  a  P'ot««*'^°*-^'°'"^"'"*!:;j7/„  sta^fof  the  case- :E;«  raru  evidence-Attempt  to 
Doings  of  the  par  ty-A  slander  ^^^^  ''^-J:"'^  "''^..Burke's  estimate  of  the  Catholic  cl.rgy- 

XXXV.    A  CHAPTER  ON  MOBS, 

Ancient  and,  Modern. 

,    •  .    >     Kntvinff  new  under  the  sun-Uistorical  retrospect-Part 

,.„  Mobs  put  down  truth  "^J^J'^":;,-^;^^^^^^  Christ-The  second  stoned  St.  Stephen 

trials  and  triumphs  of  the  Church-The  trst  moo        j^^,,    torof  them-Mobs  a  principal  featur. 

-Mobsduring  the  ^^^^.^'^ ^^^Z'^^^^^^^^^  ''  slander-Forgery-Early 

in  the  early  Pe"ecutions-How  they  were  got         p  ^^^_^^^        ^^  ^^^^^^.^^ 

Christians  branded  as  aliens  and  ^.^^T^^^'^^I^^^Jbe  description-Sepulchral  monument  t<» 
Thegreat  RomanMob  under  »'°f «  '"^"-^  '  ^;;  ',f, Jl^^  meek- 

Christianity-Fate  of  the  persecutors-Mobs  PO-J^  ««  ^  J  reformation-Are  they  not  similar  in 
;;^:^::;:::;;r  :^:.=-r2^^^^  ...  three  eenturUs.-A  parting_.ord  . 
American  Catholics,        .       .      •       • 


